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The group formed in 1976 as the vocal trio of Joseph Hill (formerly a percussionist in [[Studio One (record label)|Studio One]] house band the [[Soul Defenders]]), his cousin Albert "Ralph" Walker, and Roy "Kenneth" Dayes, initially using the name The African Disciples.<ref name="Thompson">Thompson, Dave (2002) ''Reggae & Caribbean Music'', Backbeat Books, {{ISBN|0-87930-655-6}}, p. 83-85</ref> They soon changed name to Culture, and auditioned successfully for the "Mighty Two" – producer [[Joe Gibbs (record producer)|Joe Gibbs]] and engineer [[Errol Thompson (audio engineer)|Errol Thompson]].<ref name="Thompson" /> While at Gibbs' studio, they recorded a series of powerful singles, starting with "See Dem a Come" and including the hugely successful "Two Sevens Clash" (which predicted the apocalypse on 7 July 1977), many of which ended up on their debut album ''Two Sevens Clash''.<ref name="Barrow">Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004). ''The Rough Guide to Reggae'', third ed. Rough Guides. {{ISBN|1-84353-329-4}}. p. 163.</ref><ref name="Wash">"Joseph Hill and Culture: Age-Defying Reggae", ''[[Washington Post]]'', 8 May 2006, p. C04</ref><ref name="Porter">Porter, Christopher (2006) "[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-130098.html Joseph Hill and Culture: Age-Defying Reggae]", ''[[The Washington Post]]'', 8 May 2006, retrieved 15 September 2012 {{HighBeam}}</ref> The song was sufficiently influential that many in Kingston stayed indoors on 7 July, fearing that the prophecy would come true.<ref name="Norris">Norris, Michele (2007) "[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-141529893.html Birth of a Phenomenon: 'Two Sevens Clash']", [[NPR]], 12 July 2007, retrieved 15 September 2012 {{HighBeam}}</ref> A second Gibbs-produced album, ''Baldhead Bridge'', followed in 1978, by which time the group had moved on to record for producer [[Sonia Pottinger]].<ref name="Barrow" /> The group entered into a long-running dispute with Gibbs over royalties to the first album.
''Two Sevens Clash'' meanwhile had become a big seller in the United Kingdom, popular with [[punk rock]] fans as well as reggae fans and boosted by the support of [[John Peel]] on his [[BBC Radio 1]] show, and reached number 60 on the [[UK Albums Chart]] in April 1978.<ref name="Norris" /><ref name="Post">"[
Culture performed at the [[One Love Peace Concert]] in 1978.<ref name="Post" />
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