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{{Use South African English|date=May 2012}}
'''Ernest Levi Tsoloane Cole''' (21 March 1940<ref name="HBL" /> – 19 February 1990) was a [[South Africa]]n [[photographer]]. In the early 1960s, he started to freelance for clients such as ''[[Drum (South African magazine)|Drum]]'' magazine, the ''[[Rand Daily Mail]]'', and the ''Sunday Express''. This made him South Africa’s first black freelance photographer.<ref name="Cole">{{cite news|first= |last= |coauthors= |title=Ernest Cole |date= |publisher=SA History |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/cole-e.htm |work= |pages= |accessdate=2007-12-02 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020154353/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/cole-e.htm |archivedate=20 October 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>
==Overview==
Cole was a [[black South African]], born in [[Eersterust]] in [[Pretoria]], in 1940. His original family name was Kole and he took the name Cole later.<ref name="HBL" /> He left school when the [[Bantu Education Act, 1953|Bantu Education Act]] was put into place in 1953, and instead completed his diploma via a correspondence course with [[Wolsey Hall, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/ernest-cole-looking-at-power-the-relevance-of-apartheid-photography-today |title=Looking at Power: The Relevance of Apartheid Photography Today}}</ref> He started taking photographs at a very young age, eight years, and in the 1950s was given a camera by a Roman Catholic priest, with which Cole broadened his portfolio. As he himself put it: "I quit school in 1957 rather than go along with the 'bantu' education for servitude which had become more strict than before."<ref>
In 1958, he applied for a job with ''[[Drum (South African magazine)|Drum]]'' magazine. [[Jürgen Schadeberg]], the picture editor, employed him as his assistant.<ref>
While working for ''Drum'', Cole began to mingle with other talented young black South Africans—journalists, photographers, jazz musicians, and political leaders in the burgeoning anti-apartheid movement—and became radicalized in his political views. He soon decided on a project that entailed recording the evils and daily social effects of [[apartheid]].
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He then worked at the ''Bantu World'' newspaper (later renamed ''[[The World (South African newspaper)|The World]]'' - now ''[[The Sowetan]]''), where he continued his career as a photographer.
Seeking to leave South Africa, he became re-classified as a "[[Coloured]]," not "Black" because he was able to fool the authorities.<ref name="HBL" /> As a result, he was able to leave for [[New York City]] in 1966. He secretly took his apartheid project prints with him.<ref>
In the book, Cole writes: "Three-hundred years of white supremacy in South Africa has placed us in bondage, stripped us of our dignity, robbed us of our self-esteem and surrounded us with hate."<ref>{{cite book |author=
Later he received a grant from the [[Ford Foundation]] for another book, ''A study of the Negro family in the rural South and the Negro family in the urban ghetto''. This was never published although he did take a number of photographs.<ref name="Cole"/>
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Cole later moved to [[Sweden]], where he took up filmmaking. The apartheid photos he had taken were used extensively by the [[African National Congress|ANC]] in their various publications.
Cole died of [[cancer]] in [[New York City]] on 18 February 1990 at the age of 49.<ref>{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Ernest Cole Dies at 49; Recorder of Apartheid |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F3061FFF3D5E0C7A8DDDAB0894D8494D81 |quote=Ernest Cole, a South African photographer who published a pioneering collection of photographs documenting life under apartheid, died of cancer yesterday at New York Hospital in Manhattan. He was 49 years old
==Photographic legacy==
Cole’s negatives were considered lost for a long time, but a collection of 60,000 negatives was found at a bank vault in Stockholm and, in April 2018, given to his heirs who had founded The Ernest Cole Family Trust. There are still 504 photographs held at Hasselblad Foundation, estimated value over one million euros, and the ownership of these is in legal dispute.<ref name="HBL">{{cite news | author=Selander, Torbjörn | date=22 July 2018 | title=Lång kamp om Ernest Coles fotografier | newspaper=Hufvudstadsbladet | pages=22–25 | url=https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/lang-kamp-om-ernest-coles-fotografier/ | language=Swedish |url-access=registration | trans-title=Long battle over Ernest Cole’s photographs }}</ref>
==Ernest Cole Award==
The annual Ernest Cole Award was initiated in 2011 under the auspices of the [[University of Cape Town]].<ref>[http://www.africultures.com/php/?nav=murmure&no=7046 "The Ernest Cole Annual Photography Award."]
==Publications==
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* ''eye Africa'' (1960 to 1998) at the [[Castle of Good Hope|Castle]]'s William Fehr Collection, Cape Town<ref name='eye Africa'>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=African Photography 1840-1998 | date= | publisher=The Castle | url =http://www.artthrob.co.za/99jan/listings.htm | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2007-05-01 | language = }}</ref>
* ''Colour this Whites Only'' at the [[Tate]] Museum in London<ref name='Whites Only'>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Colour this Whites Only | date= | publisher=Tate Britain | url =http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=74141&searchid=8766&tabview=text | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2007-05-01 | language = }}</ref>
* 2001
*2010
* 2012
* 2014
==References==
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==External links==
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* [http://www.wnyc.org/story/apartheid-through-eyes-one-south-africas-first-black-photojournalists/ "Apartheid Through the Eyes of One of South Africa’s First Black Photojournalists."]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Ernest}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
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