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Line 1: The '''Russian Civil Code''' ({{lang-ru\|''Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации''}}, frequently abbreviated ''ГК РФ'') is the prime source of [[civil code\|civil law]] for the [[Russian Federation]]. The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition. It was heavily influenced by German and Dutch norms in 1700-1800s. Socialist-style modification in took place during the Soviet period (1922-1991), and Continental European Law influences since the 1990s. The Civil Code of the Russian Federation came into force in four parts. The first part, which deals with general provisions (i.e. defines sources, names [[Juristic person\|legal entity]], etc.) was enacted by the [[State Duma]] in 1994 and entered into force in 1995. The second part (dealing with [[Law of obligations]]) entered into force in 1996. The third part ([[inheritance\|Succession law]]) entered into force in 2002. The document has certain basic principles: equality of all participants guaranteed by civil law; inviolability of private property, [[freedom of contract]], free exercise of civil rights, and juridical protection of [[civil rights]]. [[Copyright law of the Russian Federation#Part IV of the Civil Code\|The fourth part]], dealing with [[intellectual property]], was [[Signed into law#Approval\|signed into law]] on December 18, 2006 and came into force on January 1, 2008. Part IV became the first in the world truly full [[codification (law)\|codification]] of the legislation on [[intellectual property]]. ==The structure of the Civil Code== Line 21: ==History== Since its foundation as an independent successor state of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Federation had been engaged in a large legislative project of developing a new Civil Code. In July 1994, President [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed a decree authorizing the "Establishment and Development of Private Law in Russia" program.<ref>{{ru icon}} {{Citation \|url=http://www.jurbase.ru/texts/sector162/tez62700.htm \|title=Указ Президента РФ от 7 июля 1994 г. N 1473 «"О программе «"Становление и развитие частного права в России»" }}</ref> The program called for a group of legal researchers, led by [[Sergei Alekseev]], to create a new civil code for the nation. Initially, Russian politicians on all sides of the political spectrum opposed the idea of a Civil Code.<ref name="alekseev interview">{{ru icon}} {{Citation \|url=http://www.uran.ru/gazetanu/2003/06/nu13/wvmnu_p4_13_062003.htm \|title=Через испытания — к истине Права \|date=June 2003 \|last=Fan \|first=Irina \|periodical=Nauka Urala \|volume=13 \|issue=841}}</ref> It took significant effort to get first part of the Code approved by the State Duma — while the [[Federation Council of Russia\|Federation Council]] voted ''against'' the Code. However, the Federation Council took longer than allowed by the [[Constitution of Russia\|Constitution]] to come to its decision. This allowed Yeltsin to sign the Code into law. In other words, as Sergei Alekseev put it, the Civil Code became law almost "by accident".<ref name="alekseev interview"/> ==See also== * [[Law of the Russian Federation]] * [[Criminal Code of Russia]]

Civil Code of Russia: Difference between revisions