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International attention for WikiLeaks rose in 2010 when, with its partners in the news media, it began to publish U.S. military and diplomatic documents. [[Bradley Manning]] has since been arrested on suspicion of supplying the cables to WikiLeaks, Assange and WikiLeaks have been formally designated as "enemies of the United States" by the U.S. Defense Department,<ref>http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/26/14115231-us-documents-reportedly-refer-to-assange-wikileaks-as-enemy?lite</ref> and the [[United States Department of Justice]] is still investigating whether Assange can be prosecuted.<ref name="savage1">{{cite news|last=Savage|first=Charlie|title=U.S. Prosecutors Study WikiLeaks Prosecution|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/world/08leak.html |accessdate=9 December 2010|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> Since December 2010, Assange has been subject to a [[European Arrest Warrant]] in response to a Swedish police request for questioning in relation to a sexual assault investigation. In June 2012, following final dismissal by the [[Supreme Court of the UK]] of his appeal against enforcement of the European Arrest Warrant, Assange has failed to surrender to his bail, and has been treated by the UK authorities as having absconded. Since 19 June 2012, he has been inside the [[Ecuadorian embassy in London]], where he has since been granted [[diplomatic asylum]].<ref name="asylumgranted" /><ref name="asylum">{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/ecuador-grants-wikileaks-founder-assange-political-asylum/story?id=17018133 |title=Ecuador Grants WikiLeaks Founder Julian Assange Political Asylum |author=Lee Ferran & Raisa Bruner |publisher=ABC News |date=16 August 2012}}</ref> The British government intends to [[Extradition|extradite]] Assange to Sweden under that arrest warrant once he leaves the embassy, which Assange says he fears may result in his subsequent extradition to the United States of America to face charges over the diplomatic cables case.<ref name="asylumgranted" />
According to reports, Assange's father, John Shipton, is in the early stages of preparing a campaign for Assange to run for a [[
==Early life==
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The Australian Federal Police became aware of this group and set up "Operation Weather" to investigate their hacking. In September 1991, Mendax was discovered in the act of hacking into the Melbourne master terminal of [[Nortel]], the Canadian telecommunications company.<ref name="khatchadourian" /> In response the Australian Federal Police tapped Assange's phoneline and subsequently raided his Melbourne home in 1991.<ref name="theaustralian" /> He was also reported to have accessed computers belonging to an Australian university,<ref name="khatchadourian" /> the USAF 7th Command Group in the Pentagon<ref name="star">Richard Shears, [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1340057/WikiLeaks-boss-Assange-fathered-son-girl-17--learned-dark-arts-hacking-rundown-cottage.html [The Daily Mail] 20 December 2010</ref> and other organisations, via a [[modem]].<ref name="aolnews" />
It took three years to bring the case to court, where he was charged with 31 counts of hacking and related crimes. Nortel said that his incursions cost them more than $100,000. Assange's lawyers represented his hacking as a victimless crime. In May 1995 he pleaded guilty to 25 charges of hacking, after six charges were dropped, and was released on bond for good conduct with a fine of A$
In 2011, court records revealed that, in 1993, Assange helped the Victoria Police Child Exploitation Unit by providing technical advice and assisted in prosecuting persons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assange helped our police catch child pornographers|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/assange-helped-our-police-catch-child-pornographers-20110211-1aqnl.html|date=12|month=February|year=2011|author=Steve Butcher|work=The Age|location=Melbourne}}</ref>
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===Marriage and child custody issues===
{{
The entire process prompted Assange and his mother to form Parent Inquiry Into Child Protection, an activist group centred on creating a "central databank" for otherwise inaccessible legal records related to child custody issues in Australia.<ref name="newyorker" /> In an interview with ABC Radio, his mother explained their "most important" issue was demanding "that there be direct access to the children's court by any member of the public for an application for protection for any child that they believe is at serious risk from abuse, where the child protection agency has rejected that notification."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/lawrpt/lstories/lr110696.htm |title= The Law Report Transcript – 11 June 1996 |publisher=ABC Radio National |location=Australia |date=11 June 1996}}{{dead link|date=March 2012}}</ref>
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In the first half of 2010, he appeared on ''Al Jazeera English'', ''MSNBC'', ''Democracy Now!'', ''[[RT (TV network)|RT]]'' and ''[[The Colbert Report]]'' to discuss the release of the Baghdad airstrike video by WikiLeaks. On 3 June he appeared via videoconferencing at the [[Personal Democracy Forum]] conference with [[Daniel Ellsberg]].<ref name="personal" /><ref name="cjr" /> Ellsberg told MSNBC "the explanation he (Assange) used" for not appearing in person in the US was that "it was not safe for him to come to this country."<ref name="ellsbergmsnbc" /> On 11 June he was to appear on a showcase panel at the [[Investigative Reporters and Editors]] conference in Las Vegas,<ref name="nicar" /> but there are reports that he cancelled several days prior.<ref name="poulsen" />
On 10 June 2010, it was reported that Pentagon officials were trying to determine Assange's whereabouts.<ref name="pentagonhunt" /><ref name="tdbmanhunt" /> Based on this, there were reports that US officials wanted to apprehend him.<ref name="taylor" /> In ''The Atlantic'', [[Marc Ambinder]] called Ellsberg's concerns "ridiculous" and said that "Assange's tendency to believe that he is one step away from being thrown into a black hole hinders, and to some extent discredits, his work."<ref name="ambinder" /> On Salon.com, [[Glenn Greenwald]] questioned "screeching media reports" that there was a "manhunt" on Assange underway, arguing that they were only based on comments by "anonymous government officials" and might even serve a campaign by the US government, by intimidating possible whistleblowers.{{
In October 2010, his application for a residency permit was denied in Sweden.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11570283 |title=BBC News - Wikileaks founder Assange denied residency in Sweden |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=18 October 2010 |accessdate=2012-08-01}}</ref>
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====Comments by the Australian government====
The publication of Australian government briefings after a Senate request showed the government had privately discussed charging Assange with [[treason]], which they never mentioned publicly.<ref name=treasoncharge>{{cite news|last=Dylan Welch|title=Government considered Assange treason charge|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/government-considered-assange-treason-charge-20110311-1br8n.html |accessdate=13 March 2011|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=12 March 2011}}</ref> [[Julia Gillard]] claimed that Assange's actions were "illegal", which was later retracted when an Australian Federal Police commission determined he had not broken any Australian laws.{{
Since then, government representatives and the [[Australian Liberal Party|major opposition]], including Greens Senator [[Scott Ludlam]], Minister for Trade [[Craig Emerson]] and former Minister for Communications [[Helen Coonan]] have made statements supportive of WikiLeaks and deprecated some threats. Emerson stated on ABC's 'Q&A' program: "''We condemn absolutely the threats that have been made by some people in the United States against Julian Assange and he deserves all of the rights of being an Australian citizen''."<ref name="Q">{{Cite video|title=Q&A Series 4: Episode 2|medium=TV, Online Streaming|publisher=abc|location=Australia|date=14 February 2011}}</ref>
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==Awards==
Assange received the 2009 [[Amnesty International UK Media Awards|Amnesty International UK Media Award (New Media)]],<ref name="amnesty" /> for exposing extrajudicial assassinations in [[Kenya]] by distributing and publicizing the [[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]] (KNCHR)'s investigation ''Kenya: The Cry of Blood – Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances''.<ref name="amnestyint" /><ref name="mars" /><ref name="Cry_of_Blood">{{cite web|title ='The Cry of Blood' – Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances|publisher=[[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]]/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center| date =25 September 2008| url =http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |accessdate =29 December 2010 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5vKBp2oC5 |archivedate=28 December 2010}}</ref
In 2010, Assange was awarded the [[Sam Adams Award]],<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.craigmurray.org.uk/archives/2010/08/julian_assange.html|title = Julian Assange wins Sam Adams Award for Integrity|first = Craig|last = Murray|date = 19 August 2010|accessdate =3 November 2010}}{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://cspan.org/Watch/Media/2010/10/23/HP/A/39838/WikiLeaks+Press+Conference+on+Release+of+Military+Documents.aspx|title = WikiLeaks Press Conference on Release of Military Documents|publisher=cspan.org|accessdate =3 November 2010}}{{dead link |date=November 2010}} This conference can be viewed by searching for wikileaks at cspan.org</ref> Readers' Choice in ''TIME'' magazine's [[Time Person of the Year|Person of the Year]] poll,<ref name="RC2010POTY">{{cite news|title=Julian Assange: Readers' Choice for TIME's Person of the Year 2010| url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/12/13/julian-assange-readers-choice-for-times-person-of-the-year-2010/| publisher=[[Time Inc.]]| last=Freidman| first=Megan| date=13 December 2010| accessdate=15 December 2010}}</ref> and runner-up for Person of the Year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Runners-up: Julian Assange| url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2036683_2037118_2037146,00.html| publisher=[[Time Inc.]]| last=Gellman| first=Barton| date=15 December 2010| accessdate=15 December 2010}}</ref> In April 2011 he was listed on the [[Time 100]] list of most influential people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Julian Assange, Muckraker| url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2066367_2066369_2066107,00.html| publisher=[[Time Inc.]]| last=Greer| first=Germaine| date=21 April 2011| accessdate=3 June 2011}}</ref> An informal poll of editors at [[Postmedia Network]] named him the top newsmaker for the year after six out of 10 felt Assange had "affected profoundly how information is seen and delivered".<ref>{{cite news|title= Assange named top newsmaker by Postmedia editors| url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Assange+named+newsmaker+Postmedia+editors/4027282/story.html| publisher=[[The Gazette (Montreal)]]|date=26 December 2010| accessdate=26 December 2010}} {{cite news|title= WikiLeaks founder named newsmaker of the year| url=http://dailygleaner.canadaeast.com/opinion/article/1366104| publisher=[[The Daily Gleaner]]| date=30 December 2010| accessdate=1 January 2011}}</ref>
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In November 2011, he was awarded the 2011 [[Walkley Award]] in the category Most Outstanding Contribution to Journalism. The annual Walkley Awards honour excellence in journalism, and the Most Outstanding Contribution to Journalism, awarded since 1994, recognises commitment and achievement in the Australian media.<ref>{{cite web|last=Giles |first=Ed |url=http://www.walkleys.com/2011winners#most-outstanding-contribution-to-journalism |title=Walkleys awards 2011 |publisher=Walkleys.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crikey.com.au/2011/11/28/walkley-awards-decide-julian-assange-is-a-journalist |title=Walkley Awards decide Julian Assange is a journalist |publisher=Crikey.com.au |date=2011-11-28 |accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref>
On 17 September 2012, Assange was awarded an [[Australian Aboriginal]] Passport in a ceremony<ref>[http://www.redwatch.org.au/20120915apc Aboriginal Passport Ceremony], RedWatch, accessed 15 September 2012</ref> in Sydney at [[Darlington, New South Wales|Darlington]], issued by the [[Indigenous Social Justice Association]] and handed over by its President, [[Ray Jackson (Australian Aboriginal)|Ray Jackson]], and collected on Assange's behalf by his biological father, [[Julian_Assange#Early_life|John Shipton]].<ref>[http://www.skynews.com.au/national/article.aspx?id=795251 Assange getting an Aboriginal passport], [[Sky News]], Saturday September 15, 2012</ref> The legality of the passport has been questioned as it is intended for internal Australian use between Aboriginal lands,<ref>[http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1692865/Assange-gets-Aboriginal-passport Assange gets Aboriginal passport], [[SBS News]], 15 September 2012</ref>
==Allegations of sexual assault and political refugee==
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In July 2012, Assange and human rights jurist [[Baltasar Garzón]] jointly announced that Garzón would lead his legal team.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/jul/25/julian-assange-defence-baltasar-garzon|title=Julian Assange defence to be led by Spanish jurist Baltasar Garzón|last=Tremlett|first=Giles|authorlink=Giles Tremlett|date=2012-07-25|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref>
[[Claes Borgström]], the lawyer of the two Swedish women who made allegations of sexual assault against Assange, denounced Ecuador's move as "absurd". Borgström told reporters that the move was an abuse of the asylum instrument, the purpose of which is to protect people from persecution and torture if sent back to their country of origin. "He doesn't risk being handed over to the United States for torture or the death penalty. He should be brought to justice in Sweden," he said.<ref>{{cite web|last=Syal|first=Rajeev|title=Julian Assange asylum offer leads Ecuador and UK into diplomatic row|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/aug/16/julian-assange-asylum-uk-ecuador|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=19 August 2012}}</ref> However, Ricardo Patiño, the Ecuadorian foreign minister, claims that Sweden has refused to rule out the extradition of Assange if it were requested by the United States because, as stated by the Swedish foreign ministry, Sweden's legislation does not allow any judicial decision like extradition to be predetermined.
====Grant of asylum====
On 16 August, the Ecuadorian Foreign Minister [[Ricardo Patiño]] stated in a press conference that the Ecuadorian government was granting Assange [[political asylum]].
<blockquote>
A lot of people think it's strange that a government could act on principles. But we act on principles.... when we were deciding on the asylum... What has happened here is that Ecuador has recovered its dignity at an international level...previous governments in Ecuador did what the US or Europe told them to do. Even worse,... based on what they imagined the US or Europe wanted .... What happened since 2007, since Rafael Correa has been president... is that we have started thinking with our own head and we walk on our own feet. We have dignity and sovereignty."</blockquote>
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Washington has denied there is any "witchhunt"<ref name= "Xinhua">{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-08/25/c_131806424.htm |title=''OAS urges Ecuador, Britain to end row peacefully'' |publisher=(Xinhua) |date=24 Aug 2012 }}</ref> and stated that Assange was making "wild" claims to deflect attention from his alleged sexual misconduct in Sweden.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/world/us-denies-wild-assange-witch-hunt-claims/story-fnd134gw-1226454565612|title=US denies 'wild' Julian Assange witch-hunt claim|date=21 August 2012|work=Herald Sun|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> There were also protests outside the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Quito|British embassy in Ecuador]], as well as support for Correa's approval of the asylum request.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2012/08/201282162054647438.html</ref>
In a poll conducted by [[Angus Reid Public Opinion]] in August 2012, 41% of Britons said they would agree with the U.K. government ordering a raid of the Ecuadorian embassy to arrest Assange, but a similar proportion (38%) said they would disagree with this course of action.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.angus-reid.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2012.08.24_Assange_BRI.pdf| title=Britons Divided on Whether to Apprehend Assange in Embassy| publisher=Angus Reid Public Opinion| date=24 August 2012}}</ref> Seumas Milne of "The Guardian" has pointed out the unlikelihood of Britain threatening to forcibly enter a foreign embassy in order to apprehend a common sexual assault suspect.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/21/why-us-is-out-to-get-assange| author=Seumas Milne| title=Don't lose sight of why the US is out to get Julian Assange| publisher=The Guardian| date=
Earlier, on 15 August, the Ecuadorian foreign minister stated that Britain had threatened to storm his country's embassy in London to arrest Assange.<ref>{{cite web
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==''The World Tomorrow'' interview program==
{{main|World Tomorrow}}
In January 2012, WikiLeaks announced that Assange would launch "a series of in-depth conversations with key political players, thinkers and revolutionaries from around the world", titled ''The World Tomorrow''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/New-Assange-TV-Series.html |title=New Assange TV Series |author= |date=23 January 2012 |work= |publisher=wikileaks.org |accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> The first of twelve completed interview programs was broadcast by [[RT (TV network)|RT]] on 17 April with other networks expected to follow.<ref name=r1>Nikolaus von Twickel. [http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/03/23/230310_rt.html Russia Today courts viewers with controversy]. [[The Moscow Times]]. 23 March 2010</ref> The series is broadcast on a weekly basis and the 26-minute episodes are being made available online.<ref>{{cite news |title=The World Tomorrow |url=http://worldtomorrow.wikileaks.org/ |publisher=WikiLeaks |date=13 April 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66tobadKP |archivedate=13 April 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assange show premiere: Time to watch 'The World Tomorrow' (PHOTOS) |url=http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/ |publisher=[[RT (TV network)|RT]] |date=13 April 2012 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/66tocDlo8 |archivedate=13 April 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref> Guests included [[Hassan Nasrallah]], [[Slavoj Žižek]], [[David Horowitz]], [[Moncef Marzouki]], [[Nabeel Rajab]], [[Rafael Correa]], [[David Graeber]], [[Jacob Appelbaum]], [[Imran Khan]], [[Noam Chomsky]] and [[Anwar Ibrahim]].<ref>
==Forfeiture of sureties==
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==See also==
{{Portal|Australia|Internet|Biography}}▼
* [[List of people granted political asylum]]
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==External links==
▲{{Portal|Australia|Internet|Biography}}
{{Wikiquote|Julian Assange}}
{{Commons category|Julian Assange}}
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[[Category:University of Melbourne alumni]]
[[Category:WikiLeaks]]
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