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{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = left/right/center | footer = Silver coins of the Sequani [[Gauls]], 5-1st century BCE.| footer_align = left | image1 =Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE_3rd.jpg| width1 = 153 | caption1 = | image2 =Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE_4th.jpg| width2 = 150 | caption2 = }}
[[Image:Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png|310 px|thumb|A map of [[Gaul]] in the 1st century BC, showing the locations of the Celtic tribes.]]
'''Sequani''', in ancient geography, were a [[Gauls|Gallic]] people who occupied the upper river basin of the Arar ([[Saône]]), the valley of the [[Doubs]] and the [[Jura Mountains]], their territory corresponding to [[Franche-Comté]] and part of [[Burgundy (region)|Burgundy]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
==Etymology==
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==History==
[[Image:Sequani shield pattern.svg|thumb|100px|left|Shield pattern of the ''Sequani'' ''[[auxilia palatina]]'' unit, according to ''[[Notitia dignitatum]]''.]]
Before the arrival of [[Julius Caesar]] in [[Gaul]], the Sequani had taken the side of the [[Arverni]] against their rivals the [[Aedui]] and hired the [[Suebi]] under [[Ariovistus]] to cross the [[Rhine]] and help them ([[71 BC]]). Although his assistance enabled them to defeat the Aedui, the Sequani were worse off than before, for Ariovistus deprived them of a third of their territory and threatened to take another third,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} while subjugating them into semi-slavery.
The Sequani then appealed to Caesar, who drove back the Germanic tribesmen ([[58 BC]]), but at the same time obliged the Sequani to surrender all that they had gained from the Aedui. This so exasperated the Sequani that they joined in the revolt of [[Vercingetorix]] ([[52 BC]]) and shared in the defeat at [[Battle of Alesia|Alesia]]. Under [[Augustus]], the district known as '''Sequania''' formed part of [[Belgica]]. After the death of [[Vitellius]] (69 CE), the inhabitants refused to join the Gallic revolt against Rome instigated by [[Gaius Julius Civilis]] and [[Julius Sabinus]], and drove back Sabinus, who had invaded their territory. A triumphal arch at Vesontio ([[Besançon]]), which in return for this service was made a colony, possibly commemorates this victory.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
[[Diocletian]] added [[Helvetii|Helvetia]], and part of Germania Superior to Sequania, which was now called '''Provincia Maxima Sequanorum''', Vesontio receiving the title of Metropolis civitas Vesontiensium. Fifty years later, Gaul was overrun by the barbarians, and Vesontio sacked ([[355]]). Under [[Julian the Apostate|Julian]], it recovered some of its importance as a fortified town, and was able to withstand the attacks of the [[Vandals]]. Later, when Rome was no longer able to afford protection to the inhabitants of Gaul, the Sequani became merged in the newly formed [[Kingdom of Burgundy]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
==Major settlements==
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* {{cite book |author=Strabo |authorlink=Strabo |title=Geography |ref=CITEREFStraboGeography}}
;Attribution
*{{
**[[T. Rice Holmes]], ''Caesar's Conquest of Gaul'' (1899), p. 483.
**A. Holder, ''Altceltischer Sprachschatz'', ii. (1904).
**[[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]], ''Hist. of Rome'' (Eng. trans.), bk. v. ch. vii.
**Dunod de Charnage, ''Hist. des Séquanois'' (1735)
**J. D. Schöpflin, ''Alsatia illustrata'', i. (1751; French trans. by L. W. Ravenèz, 1849).
{{Celts}}
{{Peoples of Gaul|state=collapsed}}
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