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The victors quickly fell into dispute on how to divide the newly conquered lands, resulting in the [[Balkan Wars|Second Balkan War]]. In August 1913 Bulgaria was defeated, but gained Western Thrace under the terms of the [[Treaty of Bucharest, 1913|Treaty of Bucharest]].
In the following years, the [[Central Powers]] ([[Germany]], [[Austria-Hungary]], Ottoman Empire) (with which Bulgaria had sided) lost [[World War I]] and as a result Western Thrace was withdrawn from Bulgaria under the terms of the 1919 [[Treaty of Neuilly]].<ref>
Throughout the [[Balkan Wars]] and [[World War I]], [[Bulgaria]], Greece and [[Turkey]] each forced respective minority populations in the [[Thrace]] region out of areas they controlled. A large population of Greeks in Eastern Thrace, and [[Black Sea]] coastal and southern Bulgaria, was expelled south and west into Greek-controlled Thrace. Concurrently, a large population of Bulgarians was forced from the region into Bulgaria by Greek and Turkish actions. Turkish populations in the area were also targeted by Bulgarian and Greek forces and pushed eastward. As part of the [[Treaty of Neuilly]], and subsequent agreements, the status of the expelled populations was legitimized. This was followed by a further population exchange which radically changed the demographics of the region toward increased ethnic homogenization within the territories each respective country ultimately was awarded.
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