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The mid-20th century began an era of moves towards the democratisation of Nepal. [[India]], which became independent in 1948, would play an important role in supporting [[Tribhuvan of Nepal|King Tribhuhvan]] (r. 1911–150; 1951–1955), whom the Rana leader [[Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana]] had attempted to depose and replace with his granson [[Gyanendra of Nepal|King Gyanendra]] (r. 1950–1951; 2001–2008), and in supporting a new government comprising largely of the [[Nepali Congress]], which effectively ended the rule of the Rana dynasty.
The 1990s saw the beginning of the [[Nepalese Civil War]] (1996–2006), a conflict fought between government forces and the insugent forces of the [[Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]]. The situation for the Nepalese monarchy was further destabilised by the 2001 [[Nepalese royal massacre]], in which [[Dipendra of Nepal|Crown Prince Dipendra]] shot and killed ten people, including his father [[Birendra of Nepal|King Birendra]] (r. 1972 – 2001). Their deaths resulted in King Gyanendra returning to the throne, whose imposition of direct rule in 2005 provoked a [[2006 democracy movement in Nepal|protest movement]] unifying the [[Maoism|Maoist]] insurgency and pro-democracy activists. He was eventually forced to restore the [[Nepal House of Representatives]], which in 2007 adopted an [[Constitution of Nepal|interim republican constitution]] abolishing the kingdom and
== 18th century ==
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