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'''The Holocaust''' (from the Greek {{lang|el|''ὁλόκαυστον''}} ({{lang|el-Latn|holókauston}}): ''holos'', "whole" and ''kaustos'', "burnt"), also known as {{lang|he-Latn|'''haShoah'''}} ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: ''{{lang|he|השואה}}''), ''Churben'' ([[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]: ''{{lang|yi|חורבן}}'') is the term generally used to describe the [[genocide]] of approximately six million European [[Jew]]s during [[World War II]], as part of a program of deliberate and systematic state-sponsored extermination planned and executed by [[Nazi Germany]] under [[Adolf Hitler]].<ref name=Niewyk1>Niewyk, Donald L. ''The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust,'' [[Columbia University Press]], 2000, p.45: "The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II." Also see "The Holocaust", ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 2007: "the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women and children, and millions of others, by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question".</ref> Some scholars have extended this definition to include the Nazis' systematic murder of other groups including [[Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles|ethnic Poles]], the [[Porajmos|Romani]], [[Generalplan Ost|Soviet civilians]], [[Extermination of Soviet prisoners of war by Nazi Germany|Soviet prisoners of war]], [[Action T4|
Scholars continue to debate whether the term Holocaust should be applied to all victims of the Nazi mass murder campaign equally, with some suggesting it be applied solely to Jewish victims: <ref name=def>*Weissman, Gary. ''Fantasies of Witnessing: Postwar Attempts to Experience the Holocaust'', Cornell University Press, 2004, ISBN 0801442532, p. 94: "Kren illustrates his point with his reference to the ''Kommissararbefehl''. 'Should the (strikingly unreported) systematic mass starvation of Soviet prisoners of war be included in the Holocaust?' he asks. Many scholars would answer no, maintaining that 'the Holocaust' should refer strictly to those events involving the systematic killing of the Jews'."
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*The 33rd Annual Scholars' Conference on the Holocaust and the Churches defines the Holocaust as "the Nazi attempt to annihilate European Jewry," cited in Hancock, Ian. [http://www.radoc.net:8088/RADOC-3-PORR.htm "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview"], Stone, Dan. (ed.) ''The Historiography of the Holocaust''. Palgrave-Macmillan, New York 2004, pp. 383–396.
*[[Yehuda Bauer|Bauer, Yehuda]]. ''Rethinking the Holocaust. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2001, p.10.
*[[Lucy Dawidowicz|Dawidowicz, Lucy]]. ''The War Against the Jews: 1933–1945''. Bantam, 1986, p.xxxvii: "'The Holocaust' is the term that Jews themselves have chosen to describe their fate during World War II."</ref> what the Nazis called the "[[Final Solution|Final Solution of the Jewish Question]]." The total number of [[Holocaust victims|victims of Nazi genocidal policies]], including Jews, the Poles, the Romani, Soviet POWs, Soviet civilians, and
Estimates of the death toll of non-Jewish victims vary by millions, partly because the boundary between death by persecution and death by starvation and other means in a context of [[total war]] is unclear. Overall, about 5.7 million (78 percent) of the 7.3 million Jews in occupied Europe perished ([[Martin Gilbert|Gilbert, Martin]]. ''Atlas of the Holocaust'' 1988, pp. 242-244). Compared to five to 11 million (1.4 percent to 3.0 percent) of the 360 million non-Jews in German-dominated Europe. Small, Melvin and J. David Singer. ''Resort to Arms: International and civil Wars 1816-1980'' and [[Michael Berenbaum|Berenbaum, Michael.]] ''A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York: New York University Press, 1990''</ref>
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