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===The use of metals in orthopaedic surgery===
Burke's early research at the Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital and the Department of Physical Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology, was focused on the use of metals in surgery, and his team's pioneering research was published in 1940 under "''The Corrosion of Metals in Tissues; an Introduction to Tantalum''"<ref name="CMAJ">{{cite journal |date=Aug 1940 |title=The Corrosion of Metals in Tissues; an Introduction to Tantalum |journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal |pmid=20321780 |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=125–128 |pmc=538079 |last1=Burke |first1=G. L. }}</ref> In "The Corrosion of Metals in Tissues", Burke's team at CalTech with John Norton Wilson, PhD, Dr.David Stevenson, and Emil Burcik (all of the Dept of Physical Chemistry) was the first to make a detailed analysis of the various metals attempted in surgical repairs, and describing the chemistry of the success and failure of previous experiments. Their work was following on from the earlier analysis of Walter G. Stuck <ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery |date= 1937 |title=THE EFFECTS ON BONE OF THE PRESENCE OF METALS|last1=Stuck |first1=W.G. |volume= 105 |issue= 6 |page= 917 |doi= 10.1097/00000658-193706000-00006 |pmid= 17856999 PMCID: PMC1390475 DOI }}</ref> which described the perils of the electrolytic destruction of tissues resulting from metallic implants. Other than routine industrial accidents, Burke's team was focused on related surgical specializations such as polio reconstruction, and repair of military battle damage to avoid amputation with its concomitant challenging consequences. Burke described the team's first successful use of tantalum in femoral and intertrochanteric fractures, for arthroplasty joint replacement, for clean non-scarring sutures, and for repair of trauma damage resulting from industrial or war-time battle injuries, and, eventually, for dental and jaw surgery prior to developing cosmetic fittings for dental implants. Burke's team was the first anywhere to conduct a chemical/metallurgical analysis of scarce and expensive metals like tantalum and titanium for the feasibility of engineering implants in living tissue.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://thejns.org |title=TISSUE REACTIONS TO POWDERED TANTALUM IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | journal|journal=Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) |date=Aug 1951 |publisher=American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)|page=83|Authors=BAILEY,INGRAHAM,WEADON,SUSEN|volume=Aug 1951
Burke's subsequent work in the field of chronic joint pain was first mentioned in ''Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery'' in 1951.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=The Bone & Joint Journal |url=https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.33B4.562 |title=On Congenital Dislocation of the Hip |last=Burke |first=Gerald |date=1 November 1951 |volume=33-B |issue=4 |pages=562–566 |doi=10.1302/0301-620X.33B4.562 |pmid=14880575 |access-date=31 October 2024 |quote=}}</ref> Burke later wrote and published in 1958 ''Backache from Occiput to Coccyx''<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.macdonaldpublishing.com/ |title="Backache from Occiput to Coccyx"| publisher=Macdonald Publishing Co | date=1958}}</ref> explaining the baffling and challenging issue of chronic back pain, and new innovative and simplified surgical procedures. This work was reviewed in "The Simple Problem of Backache", ''Bulletin of the Vancouver Medical Association'', March 1958.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Problem of Backache| journal=Bulletin of the Vancouver Medical Association | date=March 1958}}</ref>
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