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** 63.0% [[Quechua people|Quechua]]
** 0.8% [[Aymara people|Aimara]]
** 0.1% [[
** 0.1% Other indigenous groups {{efn|Includes [[Nikkei people|Nikkei]], [[Tusan]], among others.}}
* 31.0% [[Mestizo]] (mixed [[Peruvians of European descent|White]] and [[Indigenous peoples of Peru|Indigenous]])
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| website = {{Official URL}}
}}
'''Cusco''' or '''Cuzco'''{{efn|''Cusco'' has been the preferred spelling since 1976; see {{seclink|#Spelling and etymology}}.}} ({{IPA|es-419|ˈkusko|lang}}; {{langx|qu|Qosqo}} or {{lang|qu|Qusqu}}, {{IPA|qu|ˈqɔsqɔ|label=both pronounced}}) is a city in southeastern [[Peru]], near the [[Sacred Valley]] of the [[Andes]] mountain range and the Huatanay river. It is the capital of the eponymous [[Cusco Province|province]] and [[Cusco Region|department]]. The city is the [[list of cities in Peru|seventh most populous in Peru]]; in 2017, it had a population of 428,450. Its elevation is around {{convert|3400|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
The city was the capital of the [[Inca Empire]] until the 16th-century [[Spanish conquest of Peru|Spanish conquest]]. In 1983, Cusco was declared a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] with the title "[[Historic Centre of Cusco|City of Cusco]]". It has become a major tourist destination, hosting over 2 million visitors a year and providing passage to numerous Incan ruins, such as [[Machu Picchu]], one of the [[Seven modern wonders of the world]] and others. The [[Constitution of Peru]] (1993) designates the city as the Historical Capital of Peru.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Peru/per93reforms05.html#titIIcapI |title=Constitución del Perъ de 1993 |publisher=Pdba.georgetown.edu |access-date=22 July 2009 }}</ref>
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[[File:Colonial balconies of Cusco Ephraim George Squier.jpg|alt=|thumb|''View in the Plaza del Cabildo, Cuzco'' in 1877 by [[Ephraim George Squier]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/peruincidentsoft00squi/page/430/mode/2up|page=431|title=Peru; incidents of travel and exploration in the land of the Incas|author=[[Ephraim George Squier]]|year=1877|publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]]}}</ref>]]
[[File:Vista panorámica de la ciudad de Cuzco (circa 1897) (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|Panoramic view of Cusco in 1897, showing the city, surrounding farmland, and mountains. "CUZCO" is written on the ground.]]
===Present===
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==Geography==
[[File:Cusco by Sentinel-2, 17 July 2024.png|thumb|
=== Location ===
Cusco extends throughout the Huatanay (or Watanay) river valley. Located on the eastern end of the Knot of Cusco{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}, its elevation is around {{convert|3400|m|ft|abbr=on}}. To its north is the [[Vilcabamba mountain range]] with {{convert|4000|-|6000|m|ft|adj=mid|abbr=off|-high|sp=us}} mountains. The highest peak is [[Salcantay]] ({{convert|6271|m|ft|disp=or|abbr=off|sp=us}}) about {{convert|60|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} northwest of Cusco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://andes.zoom-maps.com/|title=Map of the Andes|work=zoom-maps.com|access-date=18 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924154519/http://andes.zoom-maps.com/|archive-date=24 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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| publisher = Météo Climat
| language = fr
| access-date = 4 July 2017}}</ref> Meteostat<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://meteostat.net/en/station/84452
|title= Cuzco Climate : Temperature 1991-2020
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=== Tourism ===
Tourism has been the backbone to the Cusco economy since the early 2000s, bringing in more than 1.2 million tourists per year.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|741070699}} |title=PERU: New Cusco airport will help boost tourism |work=Oxford Analytica Daily Brief Service |date=10 August 2010 |url=https://dailybrief.oxan.com/Analysis/DB161871/PERU-New-Cusco-airport-will-help-boost-tourism |url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 2019, Cusco was the region that reached the highest number of tourists in Peru with more than 2.7 million tourists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.perucamaras.org.pe/nt390.html#:~:text=Cusco%20fue%20la%20regi%C3%B3n%20que,y%20La%20Libertad%20con%20736%2C183. |title=Llegada de turistas aumentó 8,1% en el 2019}}</ref> In 2002, the income Cusco received from tourism was US$837 million. In 2009, that number increased to US$2.47 billion. {{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} Most tourists visiting the city are there to tour the city and the Incan Ruins, especially the top destination, [[Machu Picchu]], which is one of the New Seven Modern Wonders of the World.
In order to keep up with tourist demand, the city is constructing a new airport in [[Chinchero District|Chinchero]] known as [[Chinchero International Airport]]. Its main purpose is for tourists to bypass lay overs through Lima and connect the city to Europe and North America. It will replace the old airport, [[Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport]].
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=== Religion ===
The most common religion in Cusco is [[Catholicism]].
=== Cuisine ===
As capital to the Inca Empire, Cusco was an important agricultural region. It was a natural reserve for thousands of native Peruvian species, including around 3,000 varieties of potato cultivated by the people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Leighton |first1=Paula |date=Jul 7, 2023 |title=Peru city bans GM to protect native potatoes |url=http://www.scidev.net/en/news/peru-city-bans-gm-to-protect-native-potatoes.html |access-date=21 February 2012 |publisher=scidev.net}}</ref> Fusion and neo-Andean restaurants developed in Cusco, in which the cuisine is prepared with modern techniques and incorporates a blend of traditional Andean and international ingredients.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 November 2007 |title=Restaurantes |url=http://www.sazonperu.com/busqueda/ciudad/index.php?idprov=137&flag=1&iddpto=8&idio= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120020007/http://www.sazonperu.com/busqueda/ciudad/index.php?idprov=137&flag=1&iddpto=8&idio= |archive-date=20 November 2007 |website=Sazón Perú |df=dmy}}</ref> Cuy (guinea pig), a native animal in Cusco, is a popular dish in the city.
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Although the list of typical dishes may vary among individuals, Tapia and García present a list of foods and beverages usually found in a Cusco picantería:<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Tapia Peña |first1=Saúl |last2=García Huallpa |first2=Juan Fabrizio |title=Picanterías típicas para la promoción turística en el barrio de San Blas del Cusco |type=Licentiate thesis |publisher=Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco |url=http://repositorio.unsaac.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/UNSAAC/949/253T20110022.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |date=2011}}
</ref>
==== Foods ====
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Other dishes include [[Chairo (stew)|chairo]], [[Adobo de chancho|adobo]], [[rocoto relleno]], [[kapchi]], [[
==== Beverages ====
*[[Chicha de jora]]
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==== Chiri Uchu ====
[[File:Chiriuchu.jpg|thumb|Plate of Chiri Uchu]]
''Chiri Uchu'' is a typical dish of the locality not offered in picanterías, as it is consumed in June during the Cusco festivities of [[Inti Raymi]] and, primarily, during the [[Feast of Corpus Christi|Corpus Christi]]. It is considered one of the most authentic gastronomic expressions of Cusco as it blends both native flavors of the [[Andes]] and those brought by the [[Spanish conquistadors]]. It is a cold dish that includes various meats ([[Guinea pig#
=== Music ===
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The cathedral is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuzco|Archdiocese of Cuzco]].
{{Clear}}
==== Plaza de Armas de Cusco ====
{{Main|Plaza de Armas (Cusco)}}
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==== Air ====
[[File:Aeropuerto Internacional Alejandro Velasco Astete - Cusco.jpg|thumb|Cuzco Airport runway]]
Cusco's main international airport is [[Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport]], which provides service to 5 domestic destinations and 3 international ones. It is named in honor of Peruvian pilot Alejandro Velasco Astete who was the first person to fly across the Andes in 1925 when he made the first flight from Lima to Cusco. The airport is the second busiest in Peru after Lima's [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]]. It will soon be replaced by [[Chinchero International Airport]]. which will provide access to North American and Europe.
==== Rail ====
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