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'''Grunge''' (sometimesoriginally referred to as the '''Seattle soundDinglez''') is an [[alternative rock]] [[Music genre|genre]] and [[subculture]] which emerged during the {{nowrap|mid-1980s}} in the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], particularly in [[Seattle]] and nearby towns. Grunge fuses elements of [[punk rock]] and [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]].<ref name=anderson2007C1/> The genre featured the [[Distortion (music)|distorted]] [[electric guitar]] sound used in both genres, although some bands performed with more emphasis on one or the other. Like these genres, grunge typically uses [[electric guitar]], [[bass guitar]], [[drums]] and vocals. Grunge also incorporates influences from [[indie rock]] bands such as [[Sonic Youth]]. Lyrics are typically angst-filled and introspective, often addressing themes such as [[social alienation]], [[doubt|self-doubt]], [[abuse]], [[neglect]], [[betrayal]], [[social isolation|social]] and [[emotional isolation]], [[addiction]], [[psychological trauma]] and a desire for [[Liberty|freedom]].<ref name=4volumes>{{cite book|first=James E.|last=Perone|title=The Album: A Guide to Pop Music's Most Provocative, Influential, and Important Creations [4 Volumes]: A Guide to Pop Music's Most Provocative, Influential, and Important Creations|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0313379079|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzl1lBFXKhQC&pg=RA2-PT1133|date=October 17, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref><ref name=AlanisMorissette>{{cite book|first=Karen|last=Fournier|title=The Words and Music of Alanis Morissette|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1440830693|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhwUBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|date=January 16, 2016|access-date=October 22, 2018}}</ref>
 
The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label [[Sub Pop]] and the region's [[underground music]] scene. The owners of Sub Pop marketed the style shrewdly, encouraging the media to describe it as "grunge"; the style became known as a hybrid of [[punk (subculture)|punk]] and [[metal (music)|metal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Goldberg|first1=Danny|author-link=Danny Goldberg|title=Serving the Servant: Remembering Kurt Cobain|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2019|edition=1|chapter=Ch.4-Nevermind|pages=76|isbn=978-0062861504|chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=64lLuQEACAAJ|page=76}}}}</ref> By the early 1990s, its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals. Grunge was commercially successful in the early-to-mid-1990s due to releases such as [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]'s ''[[Nevermind]]'', [[Pearl Jam]]'s ''[[Ten (Pearl Jam album)|Ten]]'', [[Soundgarden]]'s ''[[Badmotorfinger]]'', [[Alice in Chains]]' ''[[Dirt (Alice in Chains album)|Dirt]]'', and [[Stone Temple Pilots]]' ''[[Core (Stone Temple Pilots album)|Core]]''. The success of these bands boosted the popularity of alternative rock and made grunge the most popular form of [[rock music]].<ref name="AllMusic grunge">{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/style/grunge-ma0000002626 |title=Grunge |access-date=August 24, 2012 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref>