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| image = Buteo magnirostris -Goias -Brazil-8.jpg
| image_caption = In [[Goiás]], Brazil
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
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| species = magnirostris
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]], 1788)
| synonyms = ''Buteo magnirostris''
| range_map = Buteo magnirostris.svg
}}
[[File:Roadside Hawk, Palo Verde NP, 3-11-12.jpg|right|thumb|Roadside Hawk, Palo Verde Nat'l. Park, Costa Rica]]▼
[[File:Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) Orange Walk.jpg|thumb|''R. m. griseocauda'' eating speckled racer, Belize]]▼
The '''roadside hawk''' ('''''Rupornis magnirostris''''') is a relatively small [[bird of prey]] found in the [[Americas]]. This vocal species is often the most common raptor in its range. It has many [[subspecies]] and is now usually placed in the [[monotypic]] [[genus]] ''Rupornis'' instead of ''[[Buteo]]''.<ref name=SACC/>
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==Description==
[[File:Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) immature 2.jpg|thumb|Immature, the [[Pantanal]], [[Brazil]]|left]]The roadside hawk is {{convert|31|-|41|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|250|-|300|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=oiseaux/> Males are about 20% smaller than females, but otherwise the sexes are similar.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/> In most subspecies, the lower breast and underparts are barred brown and white, and the tail has four or five grey bars. Twelve subspecies are usually recognised and there is significant [[plumage]] variation between these. Depending on the subspecies involved, the roadside hawk is mainly brown or grey. It is fairly common to observe a touch of [[rufous]] (i.e., a light reddish-brown) on the bird's wings, especially when seen in flight.<ref name=Frisch/> Its call is a very high-pitched piercing squeak. The eyes of adult roadside hawks are whitish or yellow. As suggested by its [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], its beak is relatively large.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/>
The roadside hawk is the smallest hawk in the widespread genus ''Buteo'';<ref name =BotW>{{cite web |last1=Bierregaard|first1=Richard O.|last2=Boesman|first2=Peter F.D.|last3=Kirwan|first3=Guy M. |url = https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/roahaw/cur/introduction | title = Roadside Hawk ''Rupornis magnirostris'' |date=4 March 2020| access-date = 15 September 2022 | publisher = Cornell Lab of Ornithology | work = Birds of the World|url-access=subscription}}</ref> although [[Ridgway's hawk]] and the [[white-rumped hawk]] are scarcely larger.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/> In flight, the relatively long tail and disproportionately short wings of the roadside hawk are distinctive. It frequently soars, but does not hover.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/>
==Distribution and habitat==
▲[[File:Roadside Hawk, Palo Verde NP, 3-11-12.jpg|right|thumb|
▲| filename = Som-gaviao-carijo.ogg
The roadside hawk is common throughout its range: from Mexico through [[Central America]] to most of [[South America]] east of the [[Andes]] Cordillera. Vagrants are occasionally found in [[Texas]] in the United States. It is found from the northern [[Caribbean]] coast of South America south to the northeastern parts of Argentina. With the possible exception of dense [[rainforest]]s, the roadside hawk is well adapted to most [[ecosystems]] in its range. It is also an urban bird, and is possibly the most common species of hawk seen in various cities throughout its range—or perhaps just the most conspicuous one, as it becomes aggressive when nesting and has been recorded attacking humans passing near the nest.<ref name=BLI/><ref name=Pereira2008/>
==Behavior and ecology==
▲[[File:Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) Orange Walk.jpg|thumb|''R. m. griseocauda'' eating speckled racer, Belize]]
===Breeding===
The bulky stick nest is lined with leaves and placed near the top of a tree. The clutch of one or two eggs is incubated for around 37 days, beginning after the first egg is laid.<ref name=hbw>{{ cite book | last=Thiollay | first=J.M. | year=1994 | chapter=Roadside hawk | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | title=Handbook of the Birds of the World | volume=2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl | location=Barcelona, Spain | publisher=Lynx Edicions | isbn=978-84-87334-15-3 | page=179 | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0002unse/page/138/mode/1up | chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref>
===Food and feeding===
[[File:Roadside Hawk, Provincia de Cartago, Turrialba, Costa Rica imported from iNaturalist photo 236075665.jpg|thumb|Defecating]]
The roadside hawk's diet consists mainly of [[insect]]s, [[squamate]]s, and small [[mammal]]s, such as young [[common marmoset]]s and similar small [[monkey]]s which are hunted quite often.<ref name=Lyra-Neves/> It will also take small [[birds]], but far less often than [[generalist and specialist species|generalists]] such as the related but larger [[white-tailed hawk]], or bird specialists like the more distantly related [[aplomado falcon]]. [[Mixed-species feeding flock]]s it encounters when hunting in open [[cerrado]] habitat are not particularly wary of it: they watch it lest the hawk come too close, but consider them hardly more of a threat than the diminutive [[American kestrel]].<ref name=Ragusa-Netto/>
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