Content deleted Content added
Trumpetrep (talk | contribs) →Works: Armenian books. |
Trumpetrep (talk | contribs) Two Enc. Brit. citations. |
||
Line 15:
| known_for =
}}
'''Paul Anton de Lagarde''' (2 November 1827 – 22 December 1891) was a German [[biblical scholar]] and [[oriental studies|orientalist]], sometimes regarded as one of the greatest orientalists of the 19th century.<ref name=nie>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Lagarde, Paul Anton de |year=1905}}</ref> Lagarde's strong support of [[anti-Semitism]], vocal opposition to [[Christianity]], Social Darwinism and [[anti-Slavism]] are viewed as having been among the most influential in supporting the ideology of [[Nazism]].
His great learning and gifts were mixed with dogmatism and distrust in the activities of others.<ref name=ea/> In politics, he belonged to the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] [[German Conservative Party|Conservative party]]. He died in [[Göttingen]] on 22 December 1891.
Line 22:
De Lagarde was born in Berlin as Paul Bötticher. In early adulthood he legally adopted the family name of his maternal line out of respect for his great-aunt who raised him. At [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] (1844–1846) and [[University of Halle-Wittenberg]] (1846–1847) he studied [[theology]], [[philosophy]] and [[Semitic languages|Oriental languages]].
In 1852 his studies took him to London and Paris.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Lagarde, Paul Anton de|last=|first=|page=}}</ref>
==Career==
Line 38:
Lagarde despised the bland version of Christianity that he knew and dreamed of a nationalistic religion.<ref>Jachnow, Joachim. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306171306/http://www.sciencegarden.de/content/2007-08/jedes-wissenschaftssystem-bekommt-das-was-es-pr%C3%A4miert Jedes Wissenschaftssystem bekommt das, was es prämiert]", Sciencegarden.de August 1, 2007. Interview with Ulrich Sieg.</ref> He was conversant with [[Adolf Stoecker]], the founder of the anti-Semitic [[Berlin movement|Berlin Movement]]. He also showed interest in folkish-anti-Semitic societies such as the ''Deutscher Volksverein'' of [[Bernhard Förster]] and [[Max Liebermann von Sonnenberg]], as well as the ''Deutschsoziale Partei'' of [[Theodor Fritsch]]. To the latter, he established contact in 1886 by sending his treatise ''Die nächsten Pflichten deutscher Politik'' (The Coming Tasks of German Politics), at the core of which he considered to be a German policy of settlement in Eastern Europe.<ref name=Sieg>Sieg, Ulrich. ''Germany’s Prophet: Paul de Lagarde & the Origins of Modern Antisemitism''. Translated by Linda Marianiello. Brandeis University Press, 2013.</ref>{{rp|253}}
He considered Jews to be the greatest barrier to German unification, whereas he simultaneously avowed the concept of a German colonization of southeastern Europe and proposed that the Jewish population settled there at the time be resettled to Palestine or [[Madagascar]].<ref>Magnus Brechtken, „Madagaskar für die Juden“. Antisemitische Idee und politische Praxis 1885 - 1945, Oldenbourg Wissenschaft, München 1998, S. 16f.</ref> The only alternatives for Lagarde were the total assimilation or emigration of the Jews.<ref name=Sieg/>{{rp|62f}} He also despised Slavs and wrote, "the sooner they perish the better it will be for us and them".<ref>Soucy, Robert. "[https://www.britannica.com/topic/fascism/Intellectual-origins Fascism: Intellectual origins]", ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''. October 21, 2024.</ref>
In his 1887 essay "Jews and Indo-Germanics", he wrote: “One would have to have a heart of steel to not feel sympathy for the poor Germans and, by the same token, to not hate the Jews, to not hate and despise those who – out of humanity! – advocate for the Jews or are too cowardly to crush these vermin. Trichinella and bacilli would not be negotiated with, trichinella and bacilli would also not be nurtured, they would be destroyed as quickly and as thoroughly as possible."<ref>Lagarde, Paul de. ''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Juden_und_Indogermanen/rjCZ2A6J7kcC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA339&printsec=frontcover Juden und Indogermanen: Eine Studie nach dem Leben]''. Göttingen: Dieterichsche Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1887. 339.</ref>
Line 62:
''Deutsche Schriften'' was widely read by figures like [[Thomas Mann]] and [[Theodor Heuss]].<ref>"[http://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/ulrich-sieg/deutschlands-prophet.html Ulrich Sieg: Deutschlands Prophet. Paul de Lagarde und die Ursprünge des modernen Antisemitismus]", Perlentaucher.de.</ref> In his 1918 book, ''The New Europe'', [[Tomáš Masaryk]] regards Lagarde as one of the leading philosophical and theological spokesmen of Pan-Germanism, and furthermore describes [[Heinrich von Treitschke]] as its historian, [[Wilhelm II]] as its politician and [[Friedrich Ratzel]] as its geopolitical geographer. In all of them he saw the representatives of the imperialistic "German ''[[Drang nach Osten]]''" that threatened the Slavic countries.<ref>Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk: Das neue Europa. Der slawische Standpunkt; Berlin 1991, pp. 13–44.</ref>
[[Nazism|Nazi]] theorist [[Alfred Rosenberg]] was heavily influenced by Lagarde's writings. Rosenberg's notion of [[positive Christianity]] directly descended from Lagarde.<ref name=Snyder>Snyder, Louis. "Lagard, Paul Anton de (1827–1891)", ''[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofth0000snyd_g8z4/page/203/mode/1up Encyclopedia of the Third Reich]''. [[Robert Hale (publishers)|Robert Hale]], 1976. 203.</ref>
[[Fritz Stern]] zeroed in on the aimless nature of Lagarde's writings:<blockquote>"He wrote as a prophet; he neither reasoned nor exposited, but poured out his excoriations and laments, his intuitive truths and promises. There was nothing limpid or systematic in his work; within each essay he skipped from subject to subject, alternating abstract generalities and concrete proposals. Thee pervasive mood of the book was despair and the dominant tone a kind of whiny heroism."<ref name=Stern>Stern, Fritz ''The Politics of Cultural Despair: a Study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology''. [[University of California Press]], 1961.</ref>{{rp|27}}</blockquote> His library now belongs to [[New York University]].<ref>"[https://nyti.ms/4injsmK RARE ORIENTAL VOLUMES: THE PAUL DE LAGARDE LIBRARY TO BE BROUGHT HERE]", ''[[The New York Times]]''. January 26, 1893. 9.</ref>
| |||