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The '''Volga Tatars''' or simply '''[[Tatars]]''' ({{langx|tt-Cyrl|татарлар|tatarlar}}; {{Langx|ru|татары|translit=tatary}}), and occasionally by the historical '''Turko-Tatars'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkistan |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkistan |website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dündar |first=Ali Merthan |title=A Document on the Religious and Educational Activites of the Turko-Tatars of Far East: The Directory of Keijo (Seoul) Numani Mosque and School |url=https://www.academia.edu/30637616/UZAK_DO%C4%9EU_T%C3%9CRK_TATARLARININ_D%C4%B0N%C3%8E_VE_MAAR%C4%B0F_FAAL%C4%B0YETLER%C4%B0_HAKKINDA_B%C4%B0R_BELGE_KE%C4%B0JO_SEUL_MESC%C4%B0D_VE_MEKTEB_%C4%B0_NUMAN%C3%8E_N%C4%B0ZAMNAMES%C4%B0_A_Document_on_the_Religious_and_Educational_Activites_of_the_Turko_Tatars_of_Far_East_The_Directory_of_Keijo_Seoul_Numani_Mosque_and_School_}}</ref> (Төрки-татарлар, ''Törki-tatarlar''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Татар халкы тарихы һәм мәдәнияте: Урта гасырлар (фәнни популяр басма) |url=http://www.tataroved.ru/publicat/new/Tat_history_pop.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Төрки-татарлар әлифбасының этаплары |url=https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/biblioteka-tatarika/nauchnyj-tatarstan/2009/ehtapy-pismennosti-tyurko-tatar}}</ref>), are a [[Kipchak languages#Classification|Kipchak-Bulgar]] [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] ethnic group native to the [[Idel-Ural|Volga-Ural]] region of [[European Russia|western Russia]]. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are the second-largest ethnic group in Russia after ethnic [[Russians]]. Most of them live in the republics of [[Tatarstan]] and [[Bashkortostan]]. Their native language is [[Tatar language|Tatar]], a language of the [[Turkic languages|Turkic language family]]. The predominant religion is [[Sunni Islam]], followed by [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox Christianity]].
"Tatar" as an enthonym owns a very long and complicated history and in the past it was often used as an umbrella term for different Turkic and [[Mongolic peoples|Mongolic]] tribes. Nowadays it mostly refers exclusively to Volga Tatars (known simply as "Tatars"; ''Tatarlar''<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Татарлар |url=https://tatarica.org/tat/razdely/narody/tatary/tatarlar}}</ref>), who became its "ultimate bearers" after the founding of [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic|Tatar ASSR]] (1920–1990; now ''Tatarstan''). The ethnogenesis of Volga-Ural Tatars is still debated, but their history is usually connected to the [[Kipchaks|Kipchak Tatar-Turks]] of [[Golden Horde]] (1242–1502), and also to its predecessor, [[Volga Bulgaria]] (900s–1200s), whose adoption of Islam Tatars celebrate yearly in Tatarstan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rorlich |first=Azade-Ayshe |date=1986 |title=The Origins of Volga Tatars |url=https://groznijat.tripod.com/fadlan/rorlich1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Şahin |first=L. |date=2016 |title=Evolution of The Meaning of The Ethnonym Tatar: A Look From a Spatial Perspective |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/EVOLUTION-OF-THE-MEANING-OF-THE-ETHNONYM-TATAR%3A-A-A-%C5%9Eahin-%C5%9Eahin/9c40f35183548f481bbb0bfd7e5f88ff9a091236}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=В Татарстане отпразднуют 1100-летие принятия ислама Волжской Булгарией |url=https://rg.ru/2022/03/23/reg-urfo/v-tatarstane-otprazdnuiut-1100-letie-priniatiia-islama-volzhskoj-bulgariej.html}}</ref> After the collapse of the Golden Horde, ancestors of modern Tatars formed the [[Khanate of Kazan]] (1438–1552), which lost its independence to Russia after the [[Siege of Kazan]] in 1552.<ref name=":13" />
==History==
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