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A knyaz is mostly considered to translate to the enlglish equivalent of Duke. But Voievode is a military title, held by anyone regardless of rank. It just means the individual has supreme control of the levies in the realm, and makes the strategic decisions in military warfare. Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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The etymology of the word can be traced back to the connotation of the Indo-European patron-client and guest-host relationship.
Rich patrons sponsored feasts as a way for them to promote and secure a political hierarchy built on the unequal mobilization of labor and resources, by displaying their generosity towards the rest of the community. Rivals competed publicly through the size and complexity of their feasts, and alliances were confirmed by gift-giving and promises made during those public gatherings. The host of the feast was called the *''ghosti-potis'', the 'lord of the guests', who honored the immortal gods and his mortal guests with gifts of food, drink, and poetry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anthony |first=David W. |last2=Ringe |first2=Don |date=2015-01-01 |title=The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812 |journal=Annual Review of Linguistics |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=199–219 |doi=10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812 |issn=2333-9683}}</ref>
In [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]], the term *''ghós-ti''-, whose original meaning must have been "table companion", could either mean a ''host'' or a ''guest.'' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Anthony |first=David W. |title=The Horse, the wheel and language: how bronze-age riders from the eurasian steppes shaped the modern world |date=2007 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-05887-0 |location=Princeton (N. J.)}}</ref> The connotation of an obligatory reciprocity between both guests and hosts has persisted in descendant [[Cognate|cognates]], such as Latin ''hospēs'' ("foreigner, guest; host"), Old English ''ġiest'' ("stranger, guest"), or [[Old Church Slavonic]] ''gostĭ'' ("guest") and ''gospodĭ'' ("master").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mallory |first=J. P. |title=The Oxford introduction to Proto Indo European and the Proto Indo European world |last2=Adams |first2=Douglas Q. |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-929668-2 |location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics |date=2017 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |isbn=978-3-11-018614-7 |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Jared S. |series=Handbücher zur sprach- und kommunikationswissenschaft = Handbooks of linguistics and communication science |location=Berlin ; Boston |editor-last2=Joseph |editor-first2=Brian D. |editor-last3=Fritz |editor-first3=Matthias}}</ref>
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