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Replaced "foot straps" and "lotus feet" with foot binding and bound feet, which are the usual English - see talk page. |
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A common casual shoe in the [[Pyrenees]] during the Middle Ages was the [[espadrille]]. This is a sandal with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is [[French language|French]] and comes from the [[esparto]] grass. The shoe originated in the [[Catalonia]]n region of [[Spain]] as early as the 13th century, and was commonly worn by [[peasant]]s in the farming communities in the area.<ref name="DeMello_Margo" />
New styles began to develop during the Song dynasty in China,
When the [[Mongols]] conquered China, they dissolved the practice in 1279, and the Manchus banned foot binding in 1644. The Han people, however, continued
[[File:Walraversijde49.jpg|thumb|Dutch pattens, {{c.|1465}}. Excavated from the archeological site of [[Walraversijde]], near [[Ostend]], [[Belgium]]]]
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Until the 19th century, shoemaking was a traditional handicraft, but by the century's end, the process had been almost completely mechanized, with production occurring in large factories. Despite the obvious economic gains of [[mass production]], the factory system produced shoes without the individual differentiation that the traditional shoemaker was able to provide.
[[File:Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century, satin, silk, cotton, gold thread, velvet - Redpath Museum - McGill University - Montreal, Canada - DSC08203.jpg|thumb|Woman's shoe, China, possibly Shanxi or Ningbo style, late 19th to early 20th century]]
The first steps towards mechanisation were taken during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] by the engineer, [[Marc Brunel]]. He developed machinery for the mass production of boots for the soldiers of the [[British Army]]. In 1812, he devised a scheme for making nailed-boot-making machinery that automatically fastened soles to uppers by means of metallic pins or nails.<ref name="Napol">{{cite web|url=http://staffscc.net/shoes1/?p=126|title=History of Shoemaking in Britain—Napoleonic Wars and the Industrial Revolution|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202130102/http://staffscc.net/shoes1/?p=126|archive-date=2014-02-02}}</ref> With the support of the [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Duke of York]], the shoes were manufactured, and, due to their strength, cheapness, and durability, were introduced for the use of the army. In the same year, the use of screws and staples was patented by [[Richard Woodman (martyr)|Richard Woodman]]. Brunel's system was described by [[Sir Richard Phillips]] as a visitor to his factory in [[Battersea]] as follows:
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