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In the [[Treaty of Labiau]] on 20 November, Charles X Gustav of Sweden granted Frederick William of Brandenburg full sovereignty in the Duchy of Prussia in return for a more active participation in the war.<ref name=Frost178/><ref name=Press403>Press (1991), p. 403</ref> In the [[Treaty of Radnot]] on 6 December, Charles X Gustav promised to accept [[George II Rákóczi]] of [[Transylvania]] as king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in return for his entrance into the war.<ref name=Frost178/> Rákóczi entered the war in January 1657,<ref name=Frost178/><ref name=Press403/> crossing into the commonwealth with a force of 25,000 Transylvanian-Wallachian-Moldavian men and 20,000 Cossacks who reinforced Kraków before they met with Charles X Gustav, who had led a Swedish-Brandenburgian army southwards. The following month saw the Swedish-Brandenburg-Transylvanian-Romanian-Cossack forces play cat and mouse with the Polish–Lithuanian forces, moving about all of the commonwealth without any major engagements, except the capture of [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] by Charles X Gustav in May, and the capture of [[Warsaw]] by Rákóczi and [[Gustaf Otto Stenbock]] on 17 June.<ref name=Frost178/>
Due to internal conflicts within the [[Cossack Hetmanate|Cossacks]] there was practically no participation of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in that war. Worn out from previous campaigns and requesting [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] to break with Sweden, Alexis of Russia eventually signed the [[Truce of Vilna]] or Niemież with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and did not engage the Swedish army in any major battle throughout 1657 even though he still reinforced his armies in Livonia. On 18 June, a Swedish force defeated a Russian army of 8,000 men commanded by Matvey V. Sheremetev in the [[Battle of Walk]], however, a month later it was defeated by the Russians [[Battle of Gdov|near Gdov]], after that the actions were in the nature of mutual raids. In early 1658, Sweden and Russia agreed on a truce,<ref name=Frost177/> resulting in the [[Treaty of Valiesar]] (Vallisaare, 1658) and the [[Treaty of Kardis]] (Kärde, 1661). The [[Russo-Polish War (1654–67)|Russian war with Poland–Lithuania]] on the other hand resumed in 1658.<ref name=Frost183>Frost (2000), p. 183</ref>
==Austro–Brandenburgian–Polish alliance, Danish campaigns in Sweden==
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