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Line 65: Some scholars argue that the archaic PIE ('[[Indo-Hittite\|Indo-Anatolian']]) language may have originated among a CHG-rich population in [[West Asia\|Western Asia]], based on the lack of EHG ancestry in the probable speakers of [[Anatolian languages]].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Lazaridis \|first1=Iosif \|last2=Alpaslan-Roodenberg \|first2=Songül \|last3=Acar \|first3=Ayşe \|last4=Açıkkol \|first4=Ayşen \|last5=Agelarakis \|first5=Anagnostis \|last6=Aghikyan \|first6=Levon \|last7=Akyüz \|first7=Uğur \|last8=Andreeva \|first8=Desislava \|last9=Andrijašević \|first9=Gojko \|last10=Antonović \|first10=Dragana \|last11=Armit \|first11=Ian \|last12=Atmaca \|first12=Alper \|last13=Avetisyan \|first13=Pavel \|last14=Aytek \|first14=Ahmet İhsan \|last15=Bacvarov \|first15=Krum \|date=26 August 2022 \|title=The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe \|journal=Science \|language=en \|volume=377 \|issue=6609 \|pages=eabm4247 \|doi=10.1126/science.abm4247 \|issn=0036-8075 \|pmc=10064553 \|pmid=36007055}}</ref> Others, such as Anthony, suggest that PIE was spoken by EHGs living in [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Anthony \|first=David \|date=1 January 2019 \|title=Archaeology, Genetics, and Language in the Steppes: A Comment on Bomhard \|url=https://www.academia.edu/39985565 \|journal=Journal of Indo-European Studies}}</ref> According to Jones ''et al''. (2015), Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) "genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ~3,000 BCE, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early [[Bronze Age]] culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the [[Caucasus]] and also [[Central Asia\|Central]] and [[South Asia]] possibly correlating with the arrival of [[Indo-Aryan language]]s."<ref>{{harvnb\|Jones\|Gonzalez-Fortes\|Connell\|Siska\|2015}}: "Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ~45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ~25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum."</ref> For example, about ~~50%-70~~50–70% of Armenian ancestry is derived from CHG, persisting from Neolithic times to the present.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Dergachev \|first1=Valentin \|last2=Shephard \|first2=Henry \|last3=Sirbu \|first3=Ghenadie \|last4=Szécsényi-Nagy \|first4=Anna \|date=2022 \|title=The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363157308 \|journal=Science \|volume=377 \|issue=6609 \|pages=982–987 \|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Wang et al. (2018) analysed genetic data of the North Caucasus of fossils dated between the 4th and 1st millennia BC and found correlation with modern groups of the South Caucasus, concluding that "unlike today – the Caucasus acted as a bridge rather than an insurmountable barrier to human movement".{{sfn\|Wang\|Reinhold\|Kalmykov\|Wissgott\|2018}} According to Allentoft ''et al.'' (2024), The arrival and admixture of CHG with Caspian steppe cultures is dated to about 7,300-years-old, which is seen in two ancient samples from Golubaya Krinitsa with ~~18-24~~18–24% admixture.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Allentoft \|first1=Morten E. \|last2=Sikora \|first2=Martin \|last3=Refoyo-Martínez \|first3=Alba \|last4=Irving-Pease \|first4=Evan K. \|last5=Fischer \|first5=Anders \|last6=Barrie \|first6=William \|last7=Ingason \|first7=Andrés \|last8=Stenderup \|first8=Jesper \|last9=Sjögren \|first9=Karl-Göran \|last10=Pearson \|first10=Alice \|last11=Sousa da Mota \|first11=Bárbara \|last12=Schulz Paulsson \|first12=Bettina \|last13=Halgren \|first13=Alma \|last14=Macleod \|first14=Ruairidh \|last15=Jørkov \|first15=Marie Louise Schjellerup \|date=January 2024 \|title=Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia \|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06865-0 \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=625 \|issue=7994 \|pages=301–311 \|doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06865-0 \|pmid=38200295 \|bibcode=2024Natur.625..301A \|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> == Ancient Greece, Aegean and Italy ==

Caucasus hunter-gatherer: Difference between revisions