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| flag_p1 =
| s1 = Sosso Empire
| image_flag = Drapeau de l'Empire du ghana.png
| flag_type =
| image_coat =
| image_map = Ghana empire map.png
| image_map_caption = The Ghana Empire at its greatest extent
| capital = [[Koumbi Saleh]]
| common_languages = [[Soninke language|Soninke]], [[Malinke languages|Malinke]], [[Mande languages|Mande]]
| religion = [[African traditional religion]]<br> Later [[Islam]]
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=== Oral traditions ===
{{See also|History of the Soninke people}}
According to [[oral tradition]]s, although they vary much amongst themselves, the legendary progenitory of the Soninke was a man named Dinga, who came "from the east" (possibly [[Aswan]], [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uivtCqOlpTsC&q=cisse+aswan&pg=PA104|title=Encyclopedia of African American History [3 volumes]|first1=Leslie M.|last1=Alexander|first2=Walter C. Jr.|last2=Rucker|date=9 February 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|access-date=13 September 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-85109-774-6}}</ref>), after which he migrated to a variety of locations in western Sudan, in each place leaving children by different wives. In order to take power he had to kill a serpent deity (named Bida), and then marry his daughters, who became the ancestors of the clans that were dominant in the region at the time. Some traditions state he did a deal with Bida to sacrifice one maiden a year in exchange for rainfall, and other versions add a constant supply of gold.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Conrad |first1=David |last2=Fisher |first2=Humphrey |title=The Conquest That Never Was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076. II. The Local Oral Sources |journal=History in Africa |volume= |volume=10 |year=1983 |url=https://www
The traditions of the [[Moors]], [[Hassaniya]] Arabs and [[Berbers]] in [[Mauritania]] maintain that the earliest occupants of areas such as the [[Adrar Plateau|Adrar]] and [[Tagant Plateau|Tagant]] were Black. These regions, part of the core of Wagadu, remained largely [[Soninke people|Soninke]] until at least the 16th century.<ref name = Kane>{{cite book |last1=Kane |first1=Oumar |title=La première hégémonie peule. Le Fuuta Tooro de Koli Teηella à Almaami Abdul |date=2004|page=57-60 |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-84586-521-1 |url=https://www.cairn.info/la-premiere-hegemonie-peule--9782845865211-page-114.htm |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref>
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*{{citation | last=Mauny | first=Raymond | year=1961 | title=Tableau géographique de l'ouest africain au moyen age, d'après les sources écrites, la tradition et l'archéologie | publisher= Institut français d'Afrique Noire | place=Dakar }}.
*{{citation | last=Munson | first=Patrick J. | year=1980 | title= Archaeology and the prehistoric origins of the Ghana Empire | journal=The Journal of African History | volume=21 | issue=4 | pages=457–466 | jstor=182004 | doi=10.1017/s0021853700018685| s2cid=161981607 }}.
*{{citation | last1=Thomassey | first1=Paul | last2=Mauny | first2=Raymond | year=1951 | title=Campagne de fouilles à Koumbi Saleh | journal=Bulletin de
{{refend}}
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*{{citation | last1=Conrad | first1=David C. | last2=Fisher | first2=Humphrey J. | year=1983 | title=The conquest that never was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076. II. The local oral sources | journal= History in Africa | volume=10 | pages=53–78 | doi=10.2307/3171690 | jstor= 3171690 | s2cid=162867483 | ref=none}}.
*{{citation | last=Cornevin | first=Robert | title=Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume 2 | edition=2nd | year=1965 | contribution=Ghana | publisher=Brill | place=Leiden | url= https://archive.org/stream/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/02.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.LewPelScha.etc.UndPatIUA.v2.C-G.4th.Leid.EJBrill.1965.1991.#page/n1043/mode/1up | isbn= 978-90-04-07026-4 | pages=1001–2 | ref=none }}.
*{{citation |
*{{citation | last=Masonen | first=Pekka | year=2000 | title=The Negroland revisited: Discovery and invention of the Sudanese middle ages | publisher=Finnish Academy of Science and Letters | place=Helsinki | isbn=978-951-41-0886-0 | pages=519–23 | ref=none }}.
*{{citation | last=Mauny | first=Raymond | year=1971 | contribution=The Western Sudan | editor-last=Shinnie | editor-first=P.L. | title=The African Iron age | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=Oxford | isbn= 978-0-19-813158-8 | pages=66–87 | ref=none }}.
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[[Category:8th-century establishments in Africa]]
[[Category:Countries in medieval Africa]]
[[Category:
[[Category:History of Senegal]]
[[Category:Political history of Mali]]
[[Category:Sahelian kingdoms]]
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