Munich Agreement: Difference between revisions

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Polish diplomatic actions were accompanied by placing army along the Czechoslovak border on 23–24 September and by giving an order to the so-called "battle units" of Trans-Olza Poles and the "Trans-Olza Legion", a paramilitary organisation that was made up of volunteers from all over Poland, to cross the border to Czechoslovakia and attack Czechoslovak units.{{sfn|Goldstein|Lukes|1999|p=122}} The few who crossed, however, were repulsed by Czechoslovak forces and retreated to Poland.{{sfn|Goldstein|Lukes|1999|p=122}}
 
The Polish ambassador in Germany learned about the results of Munich Conference on 30 September from [[Ribbentrop]], who assured him that Berlin conditioned the guarantees for the remainder of Czechoslovakia on the fulfilment of Polish and Hungarian territorial demands.{{sfn|Rak|2019|p=409}} Polish foreign minister [[Józef Beck]] was disappointed with such a turn of events. In his own words the conference was "an attempt by the directorate of great powers to impose binding decisions on other states (and Poland cannot agree on that, as it would then be reduced to a political object that others conduct at their will)."{{sfn|Rak|2019|p=410}} As a result, at 11:45&nbsp;p.m. on 30 September, 11 hours after the Czechoslovak government accepted the Munich terms, Poland gave an ultimatum to the Czechoslovak government.{{sfn|Goldstein|Lukes|1999|p=66}} It demanded the immediate evacuation of Czechoslovak troops and police and gave Prague time until noon the following day. At 11:45&nbsp;a.m. on 1 October the Czechoslovak Foreign Ministry called the Polish ambassador in Prague and told him that Poland could have what it wanted but then requested a 24 hhour delay. On 2 October, the [[Polish Army]], commanded by General [[Władysław Bortnowski]], annexed an area of 801.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with a population of 227,399 people. Administratively the annexed area was divided between [[Frysztat County]] and [[Cieszyn County]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich, 31.10.1938, [R. 17], nr 18 – Silesian Digital Library|url=https://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/show-content/publication/edition/6949?id=6949|access-date=2019-08-29|journal=4258 III| date=14 February 2008 }}</ref>
The historian [[Dariusz Baliszewski]] wrote that during the annexation there was no co-operation between Polish and German troops, but there were cases of co-operation between Polish and Czech troops defending territory against Germans, for example in [[Bohumín]].<ref name="Baliszewski">{{Cite web|last=Baliszewski|first=Mariusz|title=Prawda o Zaolziu – Uważam Rze Historia|url=https://historia.uwazamrze.pl/artykul/1149147/prawda-o-zaolziu|access-date=2019-10-12|website=historia.uwazamrze.pl|language=pl}}</ref>