Revision as of 09:19, 9 August 2024 edit McPhail (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 67,835 edits →‎References ← Previous edit		Revision as of 09:20, 9 August 2024 edit undo McPhail (talk \| contribs) Extended confirmed users 67,835 edits →‎Reign of Sultan Said (1932–1970) Next edit →
Line 187: Said bin Taimur became the sultan of Muscat officially on 10 February 1932. The rule of sultan [[Said bin Taimur]], a very complex character, was backed by the British government, and has been characterised as being [[feudal]], [[reactionary]] and isolationist.<ref name=OAOI/><ref name=OQ/><ref name=GR/><ref name=BA/> The British government maintained vast administrative control over the Sultanate as the defence secretary and chief of intelligence, chief adviser to the sultan and all ministers except for two were British.<ref name=GR>Ian Cobain. [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/08/britains-secret-wars-oman The Guardian: Britain's secret wars] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160930170522/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/sep/08/britains-secret-wars-oman \|date=30 September 2016 }} Britain's Secret Wars. ''The Guardian''. 8 September 2016.</ref><ref name=Halliday>Fred Halliday. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VkYhBQAAQBAJ&dq=Fred%20Halliday%20arabia&pg=PT19 Arabia by Fred Halliday] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406013854/https://books.google.com/books?id=VkYhBQAAQBAJ&dq=Fred%20Halliday%20arabia&pg=PT19 \|date=6 April 2023 }} Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula. Saqi Books. University of California. published 1974.</ref> In 1937, an agreement between the sultan and [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] (IPC), a consortium of oil companies that was 23.75% British owned, was signed to grant oil concessions to IPC. After failing to discover oil in the Sultanate, IPC was intensely interested in some promising geological formations near [[Fahud]], an area located within the Imamate. IPC offered financial support to the sultan to raise an armed force against any potential resistance by the Imamate.<ref name=OmansInsurgencies>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wkUhBQAAQBAJ&q=moff+oman&pg=PT59\|title=Oman's Insurgencies: The Sultanate's Struggle for Supremacy\|first=J. E.\|last=Peterson\|date=2 January 2013\|publisher=Saqi\|access-date=29 April 2018\|via=Google Books\|isbn=9780863567025\|archive-date=11 February 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035638/https://books.google.com/books?id=wkUhBQAAQBAJ&q=moff+oman&pg=PT59\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=FTWAO>Historical Summary of Events in the Persian Gulf. {{cite web\|url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023415996.0x000009\|title=British National Archive: Historical Summary of Events in the Persian Gulf (208/222)\|publisher=QDL\|date=30 May 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723150646/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023415996.0x000009\|archive-date=23 July 2019}} British National Archive. Page 208.</ref> During ~~the~~ [[~~Second~~ World War II]], Oman had a strategic role in the defence of the United Kingdom's trade routes. In 1943, the [[Royal Air Force]] established stations on [[Masirah Island]] ([[RAF Masirah]]) and [[Ras al Hadd]]. [[Air-sea rescue]] units were also stationed in Oman. [[No. 244 Squadron RAF]] flew [[Bristol Blenheim V]] [[light bomber]]s and [[Vickers Wellington XIII]]s out of RAF Masirah on anti-submarine duties in the Gulf of Oman and the northern [[Arabian Sea]], while [[No. 209 Squadron RAF]], [[No. 265 Squadron RAF]], and [[No. 321 Squadron RAF]] flew [[Consolidated PBY Catalina]]s out of Umm Ruşayş on Masirah Island.<ref name="RAF"/> On October 16, 1943, the German [[U-Boat]] ''[[German submarine U-533\|U-533]]'' was sunk in the Gulf of Oman after being struck by [[depth charge]]s dropped by a Bristol Blenheim from No. 244 Squadron RAF. The wreck settled at a depth of 108 meters (354 feet) approximately 25 nautical miles (46 kilometres) off the [[Fujairah]] coast. 52 crew members died, with the sole survivor, ''[[Matrosengefreiter]]'' Günther Schmidt, taken aboard HMIS ''Hiravati'' near [[Khor Fakkan]] and made a [[prisoner of war]]. The wreck is now a popular recreational diving site.<ref name="UBoat"/><ref name="UBoat2"/> The December 1951 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation (covering commerce, oil reserves and navigation) between Oman and the United Kingdom recognized the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman as a fully independent state.

Oman: Difference between revisions