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'''Venice''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɛ|n|ᵻ|s}} {{respell|VEN|iss}}; {{lang-it|Venezia}} {{IPA|it|veˈnɛttsja||It-Venezia.ogg}}; {{lang-vec|Venesia}} {{IPA|vec|veˈnɛsja|}}, formerly {{lang|vec|Venexia}} {{IPA|vec|veˈnɛzja|}}) is a city in northeastern [[Italy]] and the capital of the [[Veneto]] [[Regions of Italy|region]]. It is built on a group of 126 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are linked by 472 bridges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/0e9aea9fc6c54b0eb9df8a5d80a37130 |title=The Bridges of Venice |website=ArcGIS StoryMaps |language=en-US |url-status=live |date=19 June 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231106145412/https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/0e9aea9fc6c54b0eb9df8a5d80a37130}}</ref> The islands are in the shallow [[Venetian Lagoon]], an enclosed bay lying between the mouths of the [[Po River|Po]] and the [[Piave River|Piave]] rivers (more exactly between the [[Brenta (river)|Brenta]] and the [[Sile (river)|Sile]]). In 2020, around 258,685 people resided in greater Venice or the ''[[Comune]] di Venezia'', of whom around 51,000 live in the historical island city of Venice (''centro storico'') and the rest on the mainland (''terraferma''). Together with the cities of [[Padua, Italy|Padua]] and [[Treviso, Italy|Treviso]], Venice is included in the [[Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area]] (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.univiu.org/rassegna_docs/corrieredellasera_06032011_micelli.pdf |title=Patreve, l'attuale governance non-funziona |trans-title=Patreve, the current governance doesn't work |date=6 March 2011 |publisher=[[Venice International University]] |language=it |access-date=6 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225171027/https://www.univiu.org/rassegna_docs/corrieredellasera_06032011_micelli.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The name is derived from the ancient [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Venice |title=Venice {{Pipe}} Etymology of the name Venice by etymonline |last=Harper |first=Douglas |date=10 October 2017 |website=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |access-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228100411/https://www.etymonline.com/word/Venice |archive-date=28 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Charnock |first=Richard Stephen |date=1859 |title=Local Etymology: A derivative dictionary of geographical names |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_I2BulY4WvsYC |location=London |publisher=Houlston and Wright |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_I2BulY4WvsYC/page/n298/mode/1up 288] |quote=Pepin, as king of Italy, granted some territory along the banks of the Adige, and Rivo Alto (Rialto), united with neighbouring islands, took the name of Venetiæ, from the province of Venetia, the territory of the ancient Veneti, of which these islands formed a dependency. |lccn=08032183 |oclc=4696115}}</ref> The city was historically the capital of the [[Republic of Venice]] for almost a millennium, from 810 to 1797. It was a major financial and maritime power during the [[Middle Ages]] and [[Renaissance]], and a [[staging area]] for the [[Crusades]] and the [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|Battle of Lepanto]], as well as an important centre of commerce—especially silk, grain, and [[spice trade|spice]], and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th. The [[city-state]] of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial centre, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yor4DAAAQBAJ |title=Finance Masters: A brief history of international financial centers in the last millennium |last=Coispeau |first=Olivier |date=10 August 2016 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=9789813108844 |language=en}}</ref> This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Blair/Courses/MUSL242/f98/venice.htm |title=Venetian Music of the Renaissance |publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]] |date=11 October 1998 |last=Klotz |first=Justin |access-date=22 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614024356/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Blair/Courses/MUSL242/f98/venice.htm |archive-date=14 June 2009}}</ref> For centuries Venice possessed numerous territories along the Adriatic Sea and within the Italian [[peninsula]], leaving a significant impact on the architecture and culture that can still be seen today.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vladisavljevic |first=Anja |date=19 February 2020 |title=Giovanni Vale: Venice's Legacy Still Shapes the Balkans |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/02/19/giovanni-vale-venices-legacy-still-shapes-the-balkans/ |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=[[Balkan Insight]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=River |first=Charles |title=The Republic of Venice: The History of the Venetian Empire and Its Influence Across the Mediterranean |publisher=Independently Published |year=2019 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Venetian Arsenal]] is considered by several historians to be the first factory in history, and was the base of Venice's naval power.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coulling |first=Ian |date=3 October 2020 |title=The Arsenal of Venice |url=https://imagesofvenice.com/the-arsenal-of-venice/ |access-date=21 October 2023 |website=Images of Venice |language=en-US}}</ref> The sovereignty of Venice came to an end in 1797, at the hands of [[Napoleon]]. Subsequently, in 1866, the city became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Venice – Present, past and future of Venice |url=https://www.introducingvenice.com/history |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=www.introducingvenice.com |language=en}}</ref>
Venice has been known as "La Dominante", "La Serenissima", "Queen of the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]]", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". The lagoon and the historic parts of the city within the lagoon were inscribed as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in 1987, covering an area of {{convert|70176.4|hectare}}.<ref name="UNESCO Venice">{{Cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394 |title=Venice and its Lagoon |access-date=28 February 2024 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226082945/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In light of the fact that Venice and its lagoon are under constant threat in terms of their ecology and the safeguarding of the cultural heritage, Venice's UNESCO listing has been under constant examination by UNESCO.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/7767 |title=Decision 44 COM 7B.50 Venice and its Lagoon (Italy) (C 394) |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=5 March 2023}}</ref> Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their [[architecture]], and artwork.<ref name="UNESCO Venice" /> Venice is known for several important artistic movements – especially during the [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance period]] – and has played an important role in the history of instrumental and operatic music; it is the birthplace of [[Baroque music|Baroque]] composers [[Tomaso Albinoni]] and [[Antonio Vivaldi]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Chambers |first=David |title=Venice: A documentary history |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford |location=England |isbn=0-8020-8424-9 |page=78}}</ref>
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