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In male-preference [[primogeniture]] (in the past called cognatic primogeniture) the monarch's eldest son and his descendants take precedence over his siblings and their descendants. Elder sons take precedence over younger sons, but all sons take precedence over daughters. A female member of a dynasty can succeed to the throne if and only if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants. Children represent their deceased ancestors, and the senior line of descent always takes precedence over the junior line, within each gender. The right of succession belongs to the eldest son of the reigning sovereign (see [[heir apparent]]), and next to the eldest son of the eldest son.
This is the system in [[Spain]] and [[Monaco]], and was the system used in the ancient kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland| Scotland]] and later, the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] and finally, the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Commonwealth realm]]s (although, during the Middle Ages, Scotland also supported [[tanistry]] and [[proximity of blood]], both through the male and female lines, due to the intermingling of [[Picts|Pictish]] and Gaelic succession rules).
With respect to [[hereditary title]]s, it is usually the rule everywhere in Scotland and [[Hereditary peer#Writs of summons|baronies by writ]] in the United Kingdom, but usually these English baronies by writ go into [[abeyance]] when the last male titleholder dies leaving more than one surviving sister or more than one descendant in the legitimate female line of the original titleholder. In England, Fiefs or titles granted "in tail general" or to "heirs general" follow this system for sons, but daughters are considered equal co-heirs to each other, which can result in abeyance. In the medieval period, actual practice varied with local custom. While women could inherit manors, power was usually exercised by their husbands (''[[jure uxoris]]'') or their sons (''[[jure matris]]''). However, in Scotland, Salic law or any of it's variations have never been practised, and all the hereditary titles are inherited through male-preference primogeniture, where in the extinction of a male line, the eldest sister automatically receives the titles, and rules in her own right, not in the right of her son. A famous example of this is [[Marjorie, Countess of Carrick]], mother of [[Robert the Bruce]], who was the Countess of Carrick in her own right.
It was also practised in almost all of the separate kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent until the [[Indian independence movement]]. In a lot of these kingdoms, adoption was allowed from a relative if a monarch didn't have children, and the adopted child could succeed to the throne at the death of the monarch. A lot of times, the wife or mother of a childless king were allowed to succeed to the throne as well and allowed to rule as queen regnants in their own rights, until their death, after which the throne passed to the next closest relative.▼
▲It was also practised in almost all of the separate kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent until the [[Indian independence movement]]. In a lot of these kingdoms, adoption was allowed from a relative if a monarch didn't have children, and the adopted child could succeed to the throne at the death of the monarch. A lot of times, the wife or mother of a childless king were allowed to succeed to the throne as well and allowed to rule as queen regnants in their own rights, until their death, after which the throne passed to the next closest relative.
===Absolute cognatic primogeniture===
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