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[[File:Ali Gholi Agha hammam, Isfahan, Iran.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Ali Gholi Agha hammam]], [[Isfahan]], Iran]]
A '''hammam''' ({{lang-ar|حمّام|translit=ḥammām}}, {{lang-tr|hamam}}), called a '''Moorish bath''' (in reference to the Muslim Spain of Al-Andalus) and a '''Turkish bath''' by Westerners, is a type of [[steam bath]] or a place of [[public bathing]] associated with the [[Islamic world]]. It is a prominent feature in the [[Islamic culture|culture of the Muslim world]] and was inherited from the model of the [[Culture of ancient Rome|Roman]] ''[[thermae]].''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|editor-last=M. Bloom|editor-first=Jonathan|chapter=Bath|editor-last2=S. Blair|editor-first2=Sheila}}</ref><ref name="Sibley" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Marçais|first=Georges|title=L'architecture musulmane d'Occident|publisher=Arts et métiers graphiques|year=1954|location=Paris}}</ref> Muslim bathhouses or hammams were historically found across the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], [[al-Andalus]] (Islamic [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]), [[Central Asia]], the [[Indian subcontinent]], and in [[Southeastern Europe]] under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]].
In Islamic cultures the significance of the hammam was both religious and civic: it provided for the needs of [[Ritual purification|ritual ablutions]] but also provided for general [[hygiene]] in an era before private plumbing and served other social functions such as offering a gendered meeting place for men and for women.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Sibley" /><ref name=":052" /> [[Archaeology|Archeological]] remains attest to the existence of bathhouses in the Islamic world as early as the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad period]] (7th–8th centuries) and their importance has persisted up to modern times.<ref name=":052" /><ref name=":0" /> Their architecture evolved from the layout of Roman and [[Greek baths|Greek]] bathhouses and featured a regular sequence of rooms: an [[Apodyterium|undressing room]], a [[Frigidarium|cold room]], a [[Tepidarium|warm room]], and a [[Caldarium|hot room]]. Heat was produced by [[Furnace (house heating)|furnace]]s which provided hot water and [[steam]], while smoke and hot air was channeled through [[Hypocaust|conduits under the floor]].<ref name="Sibley" /><ref name=":052" /><ref name=":02" />
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