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1) Yes, it was Afshar 2) SCUDs belong to 99th Missile Brigade 3) The 26th Airborne Battalion was turned into the 37th Commando Battalion Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
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In 1953, Lieutenant General [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]], cousin of the King who had previously served as Minister of Defence, was transferred from command of the [[Central Corps]] in Kabul to become [[Prime Minister of Afghanistan]].{{sfn|Tomsen|2011|page=90}} The Central Corps was headquartered at Amanullah's Darulaman Palace.{{sfn|Tomsen|2011|page=80}} On the opening day of Parliament in October 1965, a violent student demonstration among which [[Babrak Karmal]] was at the forefront forced [[Zahir Shah]]'s new prime minister Yousef to resign. Two students were killed when the new corps commander, General Abdul Wali, sent in troops to restore order.{{sfn|Tomsen|2011|page=102}}
[[File:Royal Afghan Army soldier photographed in 1969.jpg|left|thumb|Royal Afghan Army soldier poses for the cover of a magazine in 1969]]
From the 1960s to the early 1990s, the Afghan Army received training and equipment mostly from the [[Soviet Union]]. The Afghan Army was also photographed wearing white “snegurochka” winter suits in snowy areas of the country.<ref>In an official Afghan Army publication, the Afghan Army were photographed four times in white snow suits and stahlhelms. The publication name is “Da Ordu Mojella”, also known as the “Military Magazine” in English.</ref> In February–March 1957, the first group of Soviet military specialists (about 10, including interpreters) was sent to Kabul to train Afghan officers and non-commissioned officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xliby.ru/istorija/sekretnye_voiny_sovetskogo_soyuzan/p10.php|title=АФГАНИСТАН. 1919–1978 гг. / Секретные войны Советского Союза [Afghanistan 1919–1978]|website=www.xliby.ru}}</ref> At the time, there seems to have been significant Turkish influence in the Afghan Armed Forces, which waned quickly after the Soviet advisors arrived. By the late 1950s, Azimi describes three corps, each with a number of divisions, along the eastern border with Pakistan and several independent divisions.{{sfn|Azimi|2019}}
In a 1960s manual titled “Royalist Regulations” for the Royal Afghan Army, there were illustrations of numerous branch insignias, denoting the specialities and the role of the soldier wearing them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VK.com {{!}} VK |url=https://m.vk.com/photo-166689869_457240790?list=photos-166689869 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=m.vk.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=VK.com {{!}} VK |url=https://m.vk.com/photo-166689869_457240789?list=photos-166689869 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=m.vk.com}}</ref> These include:
* “'''Academy'''” (اکادمی), worn by recruits who were still in a military academy
* “'''Infantry'''” (پیاده),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voyage dans l'Afghanistan du début des années 60 {{!}} INA |url=https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/voyage-dans-l-afghanistan-du-debut-des-annees-60 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=ina.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Katju |first=Vivek |date=2023-08-10 |title=Coup, chaos, and Taliban: The turbulent history of modern Afghanistan |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/world-affairs/coup-chaos-and-taliban-the-turbulent-history-of-modern-afghanistan/article67145161.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://coollib.net/b/394213-vladimir-mihaylovich-koshelev-shturm-dvortsa-amina-versiya-voennogo-razvedchika/image </ref> the most common insignia, worn by most soldiers who have finished training and graduated from the academy
* “'''Cavalry'''” (سواری), worn by the Royal Afghan Army’s cavalrymen on horseback
* “'''Artillery'''” (طومي), worn by artillery men
* “'''Tank'''”(تانک), worn by tank operators of the Royal Afghan Army’s tank brigades
* “'''Fortification'''” (استحكام), worn by soldiers involved in the construction of defensive structures
* “'''Communications'''” (مخابره), worn by soldiers part of the army’s signal regiments
* “'''Gendarmerie'''” (شاندارم), worn by the paramilitary police force
* “'''Vehicle'''” (نقلیه) worn by motorized/mechanized units
* “'''Logistics'''” (لفوازير), worn by units specializing in transportation and supply
* “'''Cartography'''” (خریطہ), worn by soldiers specializing in map-making and mapping
* “'''Judicial'''” (قضا), worn by members of the military court
* “'''Field Medic'''” (صحید), worn by soldiers who are qualified medics
* “'''Subfield Medic'''” ( پرسونال فرعی صحید), worn by soldiers who distributed medicine
* “'''Veterinary'''” (وترین), worn by veterinarians who specialized in animal care
* “'''Minor Personnel'''” (پرسونال فرعی و ریز), worn by support staff and soldiers with specialized technical skills
* “'''Instructor'''” (معلم), worn by personnel responsible for training recruits
* “'''Chemical Warfare'''” (کیمیای عربی), worn by units that specialize in the use of chemical agents
* “'''Engineer'''” (انجنیر), worn by soldiers who specialize in engineering
* “'''Ordnance'''” (وسله پالی), worn by soldiers managing equipment such as weapons, bombs and ammunition
* “'''Finance'''” (مالی), worn by the army’s accountants who manage finances and budgeting
* “'''Music'''” (موزیک), worn by the military band of the Royal Afghan Army
[[File:Royal Afghan Army Band Flag.png|thumb|The flag of the Royal Afghan Army's military band under the Kingdom of Afghanistan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voyage dans l'Afghanistan du début des années 60 {{!}} INA |url=https://www.ina.fr/ina-eclaire-actu/voyage-dans-l-afghanistan-du-debut-des-annees-60 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=ina.fr |language=fr}}</ref>]]
In the early 1970s, Soviet military assistance was increased. The number of Soviet military specialists increased from 1,500 in 1973 to 5,000 by April 1978.<ref>Брудерер Г. Афганская война. Frankfurt am Main. 1995. С. 43.</ref> The senior Soviet specialist at this time (from 29 November 1972 until 11 December 1975) was a Major General I.S. Bondarets (И.С. Бондарец), and from 1975 to 1978, the senior Soviet military adviser was Major General L.N. Gorelov. Before the 1978 [[Saur Revolution]], according to Jacobs, the army included three armored divisions; infantry divisions .. averaging 4,500 to 8,000 men each; "two mountain infantry brigades, one artillery brigade, a guards regiment (for palace protection), three artillery regiments, two commando regiments, and a parachute battalion, which was largely grounded. All the formations were under the control of three corps level headquarters. All but three infantry divisions were facing Pakistan along a line from [[Bagram]] south to Khandahar."{{sfn|Nyrop|Seekins|1986|p=288–289}} There were 570 medium tanks plus more Soviet T-55s on order. The Afghan Army was also referred to as the '''Afghan Republican Army''' in a Kabul Times newspaper, a few days after the [[1973 Afghan coup d'état]].<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=1973-07-21 |title=India, Czechoslovakia, FRG, Mongolia and GDR recognise Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul Times. (Kabul, Afghanistan), Volume 12; Number 97 |url=https://content.library.arizona.edu/digital/api/collection/p16127coll6/id/30507/page/0/inline/p16127coll6_30507_0}}</ref>
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