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'''Guildford''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-Guildford.ogg|ˈ|ɡ|ɪ|l|f|ər|d}})<!-- http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/guildford --><ref>{{harvnb|Olausson|Sangster|2006|p=160}}</ref> is a town/former [[county town]] in west [[Surrey]], England, around {{cvt|27|mi|km}} south-west of central London. As of the 2011 census, the town has a population of about 77,000<ref name=NOMIS2011/> and is the seat of the wider [[Borough of Guildford]], which had around {{English district population|GSS=E07000209}} inhabitants in {{United Kingdom statistics year|EnglandYYYY}}<ref>{{United Kingdom district population citation|England}}</ref> The name "Guildford" is thought to derive from a [[ford (crossing)|crossing]] of the [[River Wey]], a [[tributary]] of the [[River Thames]] that flows through the town centre.
The earliest evidence of human activity in the area is from the [[Mesolithic]] and Guildford is mentioned in the [[will and testament|will]] of [[Alfred the Great]] from {{circa|880}}. The exact location of the main [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] settlement is unclear and the current site of the modern town centre may not have been occupied until the early 11th century. Following the [[Norman Conquest]], a [[motte-and-bailey castle]] was constructed; which was developed into a royal residence by [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]. During the [[England in the Middle Ages|late Middle Ages]], Guildford prospered as a result of the [[wool]] trade, and the town was granted a charter of incorporation by [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] in 1488.
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