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'''Newfoundland''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|nj|uː|f|ən|(|d|)|l|ə|n|d|,_|-|l|æ|n|d}} {{respelling|NEW|fən(d)|lənd|,_|-|land}}, {{IPAc-en|local|ˌ|nj|uː|f|ən|ˈ|l|æ|n|d}} {{respelling|NEW|fən|LAND}};<ref>{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{lang-fr|link=no|Terre-Neuve}}, {{IPA-frdia|taɛ̯ʁnœːv|locally}}; {{Lang-mic|Ktaqmkuk}})<ref>Both names can be found in [http://www.nunatukavut.ca/home/files/pg/unveiling_nunatukavut.pdf this document] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328075057/http://www.nunatukavut.ca/home/files/pg/unveiling_nunatukavut.pdf |date=March 28, 2019 }}.''Ikkarumikluak'' means "place of many shoals" while ''Kallunasillik'' means "place of many white people". It is thought the ''Ikkarumiklua'' was used before the colonization of Newfoundland and was later replaced by ''Kallunasillik''. It is also thought that ''Ikkarumiklua'' may have been a term for the [[Great Northern Peninsula]] and not the island as a whole.</ref> is a large island situated off the eastern coast of the [[Northern America|North American mainland]] and the western part of the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian province]] of [[Newfoundland and Labrador]], referred to as Labrador.
The island contains 29 percent of the province's land area, but is home to over 90% of the province's population, with about 60% of the province's population located on the small
The provincial capital, [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], is located on the southeastern coast of the island; [[Cape Spear]], just south of the capital, is the [[extreme points of North America|easternmost point of North America]], excluding Greenland. It is common to consider all directly neighbouring islands such as [[New World Island|New World]], [[Twillingate]], [[Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador|Fogo]] and [[Bell Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)|Bell Island]] to be 'part of Newfoundland' (i.e., distinct from Labrador). By that classification, Newfoundland and its associated small islands have a total area of {{convert|111390|km2|sqmi|sigfig=5}}.<ref name="NF gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.nf.ca/aboutnl/area.htm|title=NL Government website: Areas|access-date=August 26, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003160224/http://www.gov.nf.ca/aboutnl/area.htm|archive-date=October 3, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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[[File:Joseph Smallwood signing Newfoundland into Confederation.jpg|thumb|[[Joseph Smallwood]] signing the document bringing Newfoundland into [[Canadian confederation|Confederation]].]]
Newfoundland and Labrador is the youngest province in Canada. Newfoundland was organised as a colony in 1825, was self-governing from 1855 to 1934, but after a financial crisis the legislature was suspended and it was ruled through a [[Newfoundland Commission of Government|Commission of Government]] (see [[Dominion of Newfoundland]]). On June 22 and July 3, 1948, the population of the colony [[Newfoundland referendums, 1948|voted in referendums]] 52.3% to 47.7% in favour<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~melbaker/confederation1949.htm |title=The Tenth Province: Newfoundland joins Canada, 1949 |journal=Horizon |volume=10 |issue=11 |last=Baker |first=Melvin |date=1987 |pages=2641–2667 |access-date=April 25, 2007}}</ref> of joining Canada as a province. Opposition to confederation was concentrated among residents of the capital St. John's
===Union with Canada===
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