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The city proper was founded as the fort of '''Godt-Haab''' in 1728 by the [[list of governors of Greenland|royal governor]] [[Claus Paarss]], when he relocated the missionary and merchant [[Hans Egede]]'s earlier Hope Colony ({{lang|da|Haabets Koloni}}) from [[Kangeq Island]] to the mainland. At that time, Greenland was formally still a [[List of possessions of Norway#Former dependencies and homelands|Norwegian colony]] ([[Treaty of Kiel|until 1814]]) under the united [[list of monarchs of Norway|Dano-Norwegian Crown]], but the colony had not had any contact for over three centuries. Paarss's colonists consisted of mutinous soldiers, convicts, and prostitutes and most died within the first year of scurvy and other ailments. In 1733 and 1734, a [[smallpox]] epidemic killed most of the native population as well as Egede's wife.<ref name="Wurm">{{cite book |last1=Wurm |first1=Stephen A. |last2=Mühlhäusler |first2=Peter |last3=Tyron |first3=Darrell T. |title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glU0vte5gSkC&q=1733+smallpox+nuuk&pg=PA1051 |series=Volume 2, Part 1 Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics |year=1996 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-013417-9 |page=1051}}</ref> Hans Egede went back to Denmark in 1736 after 15 years in Greenland, leaving his son [[Paul Egede|Poul]] to continue his work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world66.com/northamerica/greenland/nuuk |title=Nuuk travel guide |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412061523/http://www.world66.com/northamerica/greenland/nuuk |archive-date=12 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Godthaab became the seat of government for the Danish colony of [[South Greenland]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Scandinavian Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6_s5AQAAIAAJ |year=1921 |publisher=American-Scandinavian Foundation. |page=681}}</ref> while [[Godhavn]] (modern Qeqertarsuaq) was the capital of [[North Greenland]] until 1940, when the administration was unified in Godthaab.<ref name="Lemkin2008">{{cite book |last=Lemkin |first=Raphael |title=Axis Rule in Occupied Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0in2wOY-W0C&pg=PA167 |date=1 June 2008 |publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-58477-901-8 |page=167}}</ref>
In 1733, [[Moravian mission in Greenland|Moravian missionaries]] received permission to begin a mission on the island; in 1747, there were enough converts to prompt the construction of the [[Moravian Brethren Mission House]] and the formal establishment of the mission as '''New Herrnhut''' ({{lang-da|Nye-Hernhut}}). This became the nucleus for present-day Nuuk as many Greenlanders from the southeastern coast left their territory to live at the mission station. From this base, further missions were established at [[Lichtenfels, Greenland|Lichtenfels]] (1748), [[Lichtenau, Greenland|Lichtenau]] (1774), [[Friedrichsthal, Greenland|Friedrichsthal]] (1824), [[Umanak (mission)|Umanak]] (1861), and [[Idlorpait]] (1864),<ref>[[Cornelia Lüdecke|Lüdecke, Cornelia]]. "[http://www.meteohistory.org/2005historyofmeteorology2/09luedecke.pdf East Meets West: Meteorological observations of the Moravians in Greenland and Labrador since the 18th century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181730/http://www.meteohistory.org/2005historyofmeteorology2/09luedecke.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}". ''History of Meteorology'' 2 (2005). Retrieved 27 April 2012.</ref> before they were discontinued in 1900 and folded into the Lutheran [[Church of Denmark]].<ref>Wittman, P. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06777b.htm Greenland]". ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Robert Appleton Co. (New York), 1909. Retrieved 28 April 2012.</ref>
[[File:Legende børn, ca. 1878 (8473597948).jpg|thumb|left|Nuuk ({{lang-da|Godthåb}}), {{circa}} 1878]]
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