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Dortmund's population grew rapidly in the time of the 19th century industrialisation, when coal mining and steel processing in the city began. 1904 marks the year when Dortmund saw a population of more than 100,000 for the first time in its history. During the 19th century the area around Dortmund, called [[Ruhr]], attracted up to 500,000 ethnic [[Polish people|Poles]], [[Masurians]], and [[Silesians]] from [[East Prussia]] and [[Silesia]], in a migration known as ''[[Ostflucht]]'' (flight from the east). Most of the new inhabitants came from Eastern Europe, but immigrants also came from France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Almost all their descendants today speak German as a mother tongue, and for various reasons, they do not identify with their Polish roots and traditions; often only their Polish family names remaining as a sign of their past. Not taking the fluctuation of war years into account, the population figures rose constantly to 657,804 in 1965. As a result of the city's post-industrial decline, the population fell to just under 580,000 in 2011. Today, with a population of 601.402 (2017), the City of Dortmund is [[List of cities in Germany by population|the eighth largest city in Germany]] after [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]], [[Munich]], [[Cologne]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Stuttgart]], and [[Düsseldorf]]. It is also the largest city in the [[Ruhr]] agglomeration.
Contrary to earlier projections, population figures have been on the rise in recent years due to net migration gains. Dortmund has seen a moderate influx of younger people (18 to 25 years of age) mainly because of its universities.<ref name="dortmund.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/nachricht.jsp?nid=230976 |title=Dortmund 2012: Mehr Einwohner, mehr Studierende, mehr Übernachtungen – Nachrichtenportal – Leben in Dortmund – Stadtportal |publisher=Dortmund.de |date=31 December 2012 |access-date=2013-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211183302/http://www.dortmund.de/de/leben_in_dortmund/nachrichtenportal/nachricht.jsp?nid=230976 |archive-date=11 February 2013 }}</ref> Data of the [[2011 EU census|EU-wide 2011 census]] revealed massive inaccuracies with regard to German population figures. Consequently, respective figures have been corrected, which resulted in a statistical "loss" of 9,000 inhabitants in Dortmund.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-hat-weniger-einwohner-als-angenommen-id8011720.html?ciuac=true|title=Dortmund hat weniger Einwohner als angenommen|first=Oliver|last=Volmerich|website=Derwesten.de|date=31 May 2013|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817113353/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-hat-weniger-einwohner-als-angenommen-id8011720.html?ciuac=true|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016 it was announced that the population was back above 600,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-zaehlt-wieder-mehr-als-600-000-einwohner-id12350975.html|title=Dortmund zählt wieder mehr als 600.000 Einwohner|first=Oliver|last=Volmerich|website=Derwesten.de|date=11 November 2016|access-date=16 December 2017|archive-date=5 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005022005/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/dortmund-zaehlt-wieder-mehr-als-600-000-einwohner-id12350975.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Historical populations|1300|10000|1480|8000|1600|4000|1700|3000|1812|4828|1871|44420|1900|142733|1910|214226|1925|321743|1939|542261|1946|436491|1950|507349|1956|607885|1961|641480|1965|657804|1970|642680|1975|630609|1980|608297|1985|572094|1990|599055|1995|598840|2000|588994|2005|588168|2011|571143|2016|585813|2019|588250|2021|586852|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}
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===Festivals and nightlife===
[[File:Mayday 2009 dortmund halle 1.jpg|thumb|right|Mayday 2009 Westfalenhallen]]
Dortmund offers a variety of restaurants, bars and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around the city centre (Wallring) and in the Kreuzviertel district. After the [[Molotov (club)|Molotov]] in Hamburg and the [[Berghain]] in Berlin, the FZW (Freizeitzentrum West) in the Union district is one of the three best clubs in Germany. With 307 events in 2015, including concerts, parties, festivals, readings and football public viewings have strengthened the FZW's reputation as an "it club" in the Ruhr region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/rangliste-fzw-gehoert-zu-den-besten-clubs-der-republik-id11476904.html|title=Rangliste: FZW gehört zu den besten Clubs der Republik|first=Jana|last=Schoo|date=19 January 2016|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710123442/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/dortmund/rangliste-fzw-gehoert-zu-den-besten-clubs-der-republik-id11476904.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Furthermore, Dortmund is one of the main centres of the Electronic dance music and techno subculture. With the [[Mayday (music festival)|Mayday]] and Syndicate festivals, the Westfalenhalle Arena has become one of the most important techno strongholds in [[Europe]]. After negotiations with several German cities, it was announced that the [[Love Parade]] would move to the [[Ruhr Area]] for five years (2007–2012).
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===American football===
The [[Dortmund Giants]], established on 22 May 1980, is an American football team from Dortmund. The official name of the club is 1. Dortmunder Footballclub Dortmund 1980 "Giants" e.V. The club spent the 1994 season in the 2. Bundesliga before dropping for two seasons to the third tier [[American football Regionalliga|Regionalliga West]]. Five more 2. Bundesliga seasons followed from 1997 to 2001, the final one in a combined team with the [[Bochum Cadets]] as the Dortmund B1 Giants.<ref name="Fhist" >[http://www.football-history.de/ Football History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928064827/http://football-history.de/ |date=28 September 2017 }} {{in lang|de}} Historic American football tables from Germany, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref> After a five-season spell in the Regionalliga, the club finished the 2014 season without a win and had to return to the Oberliga once more.<ref name="Fhist" /><ref>[http://www.football-aktuell.de/cgi-bin/schedule.pl?rubrik=5012 Regionalliga tables & results] {{in lang|de}} football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.football-aktuell.de/cgi-bin/schedule.pl?rubrik=5013 Oberliga tables & results] {{in lang|de}} football-aktueell.de, accessed: 28 September 2015</ref>
[[Image:EHC Dortmund, indoor.jpg|thumb|Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen]]
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