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Norway was [[Operation Weserübung|invaded by Nazi Germany]] in April 1940. Haakon rejected German demands to legitimise the [[Quisling regime]]'s puppet government, vowing to abdicate rather than do so. He refused to abdicate after going into exile in Great Britain. As such, he played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation [[Norwegian resistance movement|in its resistance]] to the invasion and the subsequent five-year-long [[German occupation of Norway|occupation]] during the [[Second World War]]. He returned to Norway in June 1945 after the defeat of Germany.
He became King of [[Norway]] when his grandfather [[Christian IX]] was still reigning in [[Denmark]], and before his father and elder brother became kings of Denmark. During his reign he saw his father [[
==Early life==
===Birth and family===
{{stack|[[File:Charlottenlund_Slot_(c_1895).jpg|thumb|Prince Carl's birthplace, [[Charlottenlund Palace]] north of [[Copenhagen]], {{circa}} 1895.]]}}
Prince Carl was born on 3 August 1872 at his parents' country residence, [[Charlottenlund Palace]] north of [[Copenhagen]], during the reign of his paternal grandfather, [[King Christian IX]].<ref name="DBL2">{{cite book|first=Povl|last=Engelstoft|chapter=Haakon VII|chapter-url=http://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_8_text.pdf|editor1-first=Povl|editor1-last=Engelstoft|editor2-first=Svend|editor2-last=Dahl|title=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]]|edition=2.|pages=241|volume=8|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz Forlag|year=1935|language=da|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=8 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808174012/https://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_8_text.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> He was the second son of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark]] (the future King
Prince Carl belonged to the [[Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]] (often shortened to Glücksburg) branch of the [[House of Oldenburg]]. The House of Oldenburg had been the [[Danish royal family]] since 1448; between 1536 and 1814 it also ruled Norway, which was then part of the Kingdom of [[Denmark-Norway]]. The house was originally from northern Germany, where the Glücksburg (Lyksborg) branch held their small fief. The family had links with Norway beginning from the 15th century. Several of his paternal ancestors had been kings of Norway in union with Denmark and at times Sweden. They included [[Christian I of Norway]], [[Frederick I of Norway|Frederick I]], [[Christian III]], [[Frederick II of Denmark|Frederick II]], [[Christian IV]], as well as [[Frederick III of Norway]] who integrated Norway into the Oldenburg state with Denmark, [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]]. His subsequent paternal ancestors had been dukes in [[Schleswig-Holstein]]. [[Christian Frederick]], who was King of Norway briefly in 1814, the first king of the Norwegian 1814 constitution and struggle for independence, was his great-granduncle.
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At the outbreak of the [[First World War]] in 1914, the Norwegian government advocated that Norway pursue a [[policy of neutrality]]. The King supported the policy of neutrality by participating in the so-called meeting of the Three Kings held on 18 December 1914 in [[Malmö]] in [[Sweden]]. There, the three Scandinavian monarchs King Haakon, King Christian X of Denmark (Haakon's brother) and King [[Gustav V of Sweden]] (Haakon's mother's cousin) met along with their foreign ministers to discuss and emphasize the neutrality of the Nordic countries, and in a joint declaration, confirmed the three states' strict neutrality during the war.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sara|last=Griberg|title=Trekongemødet i Malmø|url=http://altomhistorie.dk/artikler/trekongemoedet-i-malmoe|website=altomhistorie.dk|date=12 November 2014|access-date=2 April 2017|language=da|archive-date=3 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403013959/http://altomhistorie.dk/artikler/trekongemoedet-i-malmoe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jacob|last=Wiberg|url=http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/trekungamotet-i-malmo-1914/|title=Trekungamötet i Malmö 1914|journal=Populär Historia|issue=12|year=2008|language=sv|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=28 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728150738/http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/trekungamotet-i-malmo-1914/|url-status=live}}</ref> The meeting in 1914 was followed by another three-kings meeting in Kristiania in November 1917.
[[File:ReyesEnWindsorEnElFuneralDeEduardoVII.jpg|thumb|300px|King Haakon with other European sovereigns at the funeral of [[Edward VII|King Edward VII]], photographed on 20 May 1910. Standing, from left to right: King Haakon VII of Norway, [[Ferdinand of Bulgaria|Tsar Ferdinand of the Bulgarians]], [[Manuel II of Portugal|King Manuel II of Portugal and the Algarves]], [[Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany]], [[George I of Greece|King George I of the Hellenes]] and [[King Albert I of the Belgians]]. Seated, from left to right: [[King Alfonso XIII of Spain]], [[King George V of the United Kingdom]] and [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|King
In [[1927 Norwegian parliamentary election|1927]], the [[Labour Party (Norway)|Labour Party]] became the largest party in parliament and early the following year Norway's first Labour Party government rose to power. The Labour Party was considered to be "revolutionary" by many and the deputy prime minister at the time advised against appointing [[Christopher Hornsrud]] as Prime Minister. Haakon, however, refused to abandon parliamentary convention and asked Hornsrud to form a new government. In response to some of his detractors he stated, "I am also the King of the Communists" ({{lang-no|"Jeg er også kommunistenes konge"}}).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kongehuset.no/c27060/artikkel/vis.html?tid=27613 |title=(Official site of the Norwegian Royal House, in Norwegian) |access-date=20 January 2008 |archive-date=30 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130165729/http://www.kongehuset.no/c27060/artikkel/vis.html?tid=27613 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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;Honorary military appointments
*Admiral of the [[Royal Danish Navy]], ''20 November 1905'', created by his father [[King
*Honorary Admiral of the [[Royal Navy]]
**Honorary Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, ''7 February 1901'', created by his father-in-law [[King Edward VII]] shortly after his accession.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27285 |date=15 February 1901 |page=1147 }}</ref>
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** Commemorative Medal for King Christian IX and Queen Louise's Golden Wedding anniversary
** Commemorative Medal for King Christian IX's 100th birthday
** Commemorative Medal for King
* {{flag|Norway}}:
** [[War Cross with Sword]]
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