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The [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]] had a significant negative effect on the moral strength and influence of the [[League of Nations]]. As critics had predicted, the League was powerless if a strong nation decided to pursue an aggressive policy against other countries, allowing a country such as Japan to commit blatant aggression without serious consequences. [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini]] were also aware of this, and ultimately both followed Japan's example in aggression against their neighbors: in the case of Italy, against Ethiopia (1935-7); and Germany, [[Munich Agreement|against Czechoslovakia]] (1938-9) and [[Invasion of Poland|Poland]] (1939).<ref>Ben Walsh, ''GCSE Modern World History - second edition'' 2001, p 247 {{ISBN|978-0719577130}}</ref>
In November 1935, the League of Nations condemned [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Italy's aggression in Ethiopia]] and imposed economic sanctions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Palla |first=Marco |series=Interlink Illustrated Histories |title=Mussolini and Fascism |year=2000 |publisher=Interlink Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56656-340-6|page=104}}</ref> The prominent jurist [[Hans Kelsen]] argued that in the Ethiopian case, the League had "at least made certain efforts to fulfill its duty in the cases of illegal aggression undertaken by member states against other member states."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law |journal=State Crime Journal |date=2019 |volume=8 |pages=104–125 |doi=10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0104 |jstor=10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0104 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0104 |last1=Perugini |first1=Nicola |last2=Gordon |first2=Neve |s2cid=182759859 |hdl=20.500.11820/09cc2a58-72ab-49b1-bb5b-ae5fecd80b3c |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
===The Convention for the Definition of Aggression===
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