Content deleted Content added
m clean up, typo(s) fixed: Encyclopaedia Britannica → Encyclopædia Britannica |
No edit summary |
||
Line 5:
[[File:Poultry of the world.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Poultry of the World ({{circa|1868}})]]
'''Poultry''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|oʊ|l|t|r|i}}) are [[domesticated]] birds kept by [[human]]s for the purpose of harvesting useful [[animal product]]s such as [[meat]], [[egg (food)|eggs]] or [[feather]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date= 2017-08-14|title=Consider These 6 Types Of Poultry For Your Farm|url= https://www.hobbyfarms.com/poultry-types-consider-farm/|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Hobby Farms|language=en-US}}</ref> The practice of [[animal husbandry|raising]] poultry is known as [[poultry farming]]. These birds are most typically members of the superorder [[Galloanserae]] ([[fowl]]), especially the order [[Galliformes]] (which includes [[chicken]]s, [[quail]]s, and [[domestic turkey|turkey]]s).<ref>{{Cite web|date= 2008-04-22|title= Fowl|url= https://animals.howstuffworks.com/birds/fowl.htm|access-date= 2021-01-20|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en}}</ref> The term also includes [[waterfowl]]s of the family [[Anatidae]] ([[duck]]s and [[geese]])
Recent [[genomic]] studies involving the four extant [[junglefowl]] species reveals that the domestication of chicken, the most populous poultry species, occurred around 8,000 years ago in [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name="Lawal">{{cite journal |last1= Lawal |first1= Raman Akinyanju |last2= Martin |first2=Simon H. |last3=Vanmechelen |first3=Koen |last4=Vereijken |first4=Addie |last5= Silva |first5= Pradeepa |last6= Al-Atiyat |first6=Raed Mahmoud |last7=Aljumaah |first7=Riyadh Salah |last8= Mwacharo |first8= Joram M. |last9=Wu |first9=Dong-Dong |last10=Zhang |first10=Ya-Ping |last11=Hocking |first11=Paul M. |last12=Smith |first12=Jacqueline |last13=Wragg |first13= David |last14=Hanotte |first14=Olivier |title=The wild species genome ancestry of domestic chickens |journal=BMC Biology |date=December 2020 |volume= 18 |issue= 1 |pages= 13 |doi= 10.1186/s12915-020-0738-1 |pmid= 32050971 |pmc= 7014787 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This was previously believed to have occurred around 5,400 years ago, also in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|last= Killgrove|first= Kristina|title= Ancient DNA Explains How Chickens Got To The Americas|url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2017/11/23/ancient-dna-explains-how-chickens-got-to-the-americas/|access-date= 2021-01-20|website= Forbes|language=en | date = 23 November 2017 | quote = Chickens were likely first domesticated about 5,400 years ago in Southeast Asia [...].}}</ref> The process may have originally occurred as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in [[captivity (animal)|captivity]]. Domesticated chickens may have been used for [[cockfight]]ing at first<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-08-30|title=Chickens Were Initially Domesticated for Cockfighting, Not Food|url=http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/08/chickens-were-initially-domesticated-for-cockfighting-not-food/|access-date=2021-01-20|website=Today I Found Out|language=en-US}}</ref> and quail kept for their songs, but people soon realised the advantages of having a captive-bred source of food. Selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place over the centuries, and modern [[breed]]s often look very different from their wild ancestors. Although some birds are still kept in small flocks in extensive systems, most birds available in the market today are reared in intensive commercial enterprises.
| |||