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Germany was divided during the [[Cold War]] between the [[Western Bloc]] led by the United States, and the [[Eastern Bloc]] led by the USSR. In the Cold War two separate German countries emerged:
* the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]], established on 23 May 1949, commonly known as West Germany, was a [[parliamentary democracy]] with an [[Ordoliberalism|ordoliberal]] economic system and free churches and labor unions;
* the [[German Democratic Republic]], established on 7 October 1949, commonly known as East Germany, was a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] socialist republic with its leadership dominated by the Soviet-aligned [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany]] (SED).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/germany-1945-1949-a-case-study-in-post-conflict-reconstruction|title=Germany 1945–1949: a case study in post-conflict reconstruction|last=Knowles|first=Chris|date=29 January 2014|website=History & Policy|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref>
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