Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene: Difference between revisions

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{{Cleanup section|reason=Currently in a disorderly list format without bullet points. Maybe organize by how the fibers are used (rope, sheet, composite, single-strand)?|date=April 2023}}
[[File:LIROS Dyneema hollow.jpg|thumb|LIROS Dyneema hollow]]
'''Dyneema''' and '''Spectra''' are [[brand]]s of lightweight high-strength oriented-strand gels spun through a [[spinneret (polymers)|spinneret]]. They have [[yield strength]]s as high as {{convert|2.4|GPa|abbr=on}} and [[density]] as low as {{convert|0.97|g/cm|abbr=on}} (note: units are incorrect for densities - should be g/cm^3) (for Dyneema SK75).<ref>Crouch, Ian. 2016. The Science of Armour Materials. P229. Woodhead Publishing.</ref> High-strength steels have comparable yield strengths, and low-carbon steels have yield strengths much lower (around {{convert|0.5|GPa|abbr=on}}). Since steel has a specific gravity of roughly 7.8, these materials have a strength-to-weight ratios eight times that of high-strength steels. Strength-to-weight ratios for UHMWPE are about 40% higher than for [[aramid]]. The high qualities of UHMWPE filament were discovered by Albert Pennings in 1968, but commercially viable products were made available by DSM in 1990 and Southern Ropes soon after.<ref>{{cite web |title=The story of Dyneema® |website=Dyneema® Project |url=https://www.thedyneemaproject.com/en_GB/the-fabrics/dyneema.html}}</ref>
 
Derivatives of UHMWPE yarn are used in composite plates in [[armor]], in particular, [[personal armor]] and on occasion as [[vehicle armor]]. Civil applications containing UHMWPE fibers are cut-resistant gloves, tear-resistant [[pantyhose|hosiery]], [[bow (weapon)|bow]] strings, [[sling (climbing equipment)|climbing equipment]], automotive [[winch]]ing, [[fishing line]], spear lines for [[spearfishing|spearguns]], high-performance [[sail]]s, suspension lines on sport [[parachute]]s and [[paraglider]]s, [[rigging]] in [[yachting]], kites, and kite lines for kites sports.