Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 9:
|theology = [https://www.christianscience.com/what-is-christian-science/beliefs-and-teachings "Basic teachings"], Church of Christ, Scientist
| scripture = ''[[Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures]]'' by Mary Baker Eddy and the [[Bible]]
| members = Estimated 106,000 in the United States in 1990<ref name=Stark191>{{cite journal|last=Stark|first=Rodney|author-link=Rodney Stark|title=The Rise and Fall of Christian Science|journal=Journal of Contemporary Religion|volume=13|issue=2|pages=(189–214), 191|year=1998|doi=10.1080/13537909808580830}}</ref> and under 50,000 in 2009;<ref name=Prothero2017p165/> according to the church, 400,000 worldwide in 2008.{{refn|group=n|PBS, August 2008: "The church estimates it has about 400,000 members worldwide, but independent studies put membership at around 100,000."<ref>Valente, Judy (August 1, 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081110004403/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week1148/feature.html "Christian Science Healing"]
| website = [http://christianscience.com/ christianscience.com]
}}
{{Christian Science sidebar}}
{{Christianity|expanded=hide}}
'''Christian Science''' is a set of beliefs and practices which are associated with members of the [[Church of Christ, Scientist]]. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes informally known as the Christian Science church. It was founded in 19th-century [[New England]] by [[Mary Baker Eddy]], who wrote the 1875 book ''[[Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures]]'', which outlined the theology of Christian Science.{{refn|group=n|The book was originally just called ''Science and Health''
Eddy and 26 followers were granted a charter by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1879 to found the "Church of Christ (Scientist)"; the church would be reorganized under the name "[[Church of Christ, Scientist]]" in 1892.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women and the Law |url=https://www.marybakereddylibrary.org/research/what-is-the-background-on-the-name-church-of-christ-scientist/ |website=The Mary Baker Eddy Library |date=22 January 2016 |publisher=The Mary Baker Eddy Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118194230/https://www.marybakereddylibrary.org/research/what-is-the-background-on-the-name-church-of-christ-scientist/ |archive-date=18 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> The Mother Church, [[The First Church of Christ, Scientist]], was built in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1894.<ref>For the charter, [[Mary Baker Eddy|Eddy, Mary Baker]] (1908) [1895]. ''Manual of the Mother Church'', 89th edition. Boston: The First Church of Christ, Scientist. pp. 17–18.</ref> Christian Science became the fastest growing religion in the United States, with nearly 270,000 members there by 1936, a figure [[History of the Christian Science movement#Decline|that had declined]] to just over 100,000 by 1990{{sfn|Stark|1998|pp=190–191}} and reportedly to under 50,000 by 2009.<ref name=Prothero2017p165>{{cite book |last1=Prothero |first1=Donald |author-link=Donald Prothero |last2=Callahan |first2=Timothy D. |title=UFOs, Chemtrails, and Aliens: What Science Says |date=2017 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington | page=165}}</ref> The church is known for its newspaper, ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]''<!--The definite article in newspaper titles is omitted, per the Chicago Manual of Style, 8.180-->, which won seven [[Pulitzer Prize]]s between 1950 and 2002, and for its public [[Christian Science Reading Room|Reading Rooms]] around the world.{{refn|group=n|In April 2010, the ''Christian Science Journal'' listed 1,068 Reading Rooms in the United States and 489 elsewhere.<ref>{{harvnb|Fuller|2011|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=tu68O9MG0fQC&pg=PA175 175]}}</ref>}}
Line 22:
The church does not require that Christian Scientists avoid medical care—adherents use dentists, optometrists, obstetricians, physicians for broken bones, and vaccination when required by law—but maintains that Christian Science prayer is most effective when not combined with medicine.<ref name=combined>Schoepflin, Rennie B. (2003). ''Christian Science on Trial: Religious Healing in America''. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 192–193.{{pb}}
Trammell, Mary M., chair, Christian Science board of directors (March 26, 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/27/opinion/l27christian.html "Letter; What the Christian Science Church Teaches"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807120034/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/27/opinion/l27christian.html |date=2022-08-07 }}. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>Regarding vaccines specifically, see:
*Christine Pae (September 1, 2021). [https://www.king5.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/vaccine/who-qualifies-for-a-religious-covid-19-exemption-washington/281-65431353-6096-4d09-899c-3c2d6f573447 "Here's who qualifies for a religious exemption to Washington's COVID-19 vaccine mandate"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928014357/https://www.king5.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/vaccine/who-qualifies-for-a-religious-covid-19-exemption-washington/281-65431353-6096-4d09-899c-3c2d6f573447 |date=2021-09-28 }}. ''KING 5''. *Samantha Maiden (April 18, 2015). [https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/no-jab-no-pay-reforms-religious-exemptions-for-vaccination-dumped/news-story/5941541520ab64a115704f58633a1d68 "No Jab, No Pay reforms: Religious exemptions for vaccination dumped"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928014909/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/no-jab-no-pay-reforms-religious-exemptions-for-vaccination-dumped/news-story/5941541520ab64a115704f58633a1d68 |date=2021-09-28 }}. ''Daily Telegraph'' (Australia).</ref> Most controversially, the reliance on prayer and avoidance of medical treatment has been blamed for the deaths of several adherents and their children. Between the 1880s and 1990s, parents and others were prosecuted for, and in a few cases convicted of, manslaughter or neglect.<ref>Schoepflin 2003, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FfKpE_1Q79EC&pg=PA212 212–216] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101115455/https://books.google.com/books?id=FfKpE_1Q79EC&pg=PA212 |date=2022-11-01 }}; Peters, Shawn Francis (2007). ''When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law''. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vDUElGmA3vkC&pg=PA91 91], 109–130. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101115455/https://books.google.com/books?id=vDUElGmA3vkC&pg=PA91 |date=2022-11-01 }} == Overview ==
| |||