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=== Poland ===
According to the Zeszyty Prasoznawcze, translated to Press Journals in English, one of the "architects" of media studies in Poland is Professor Walery Pisarek. <ref name=":23">{{Cite journal |last=Instytut Dziennikarstwa, Mediów i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ul. prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 4 30-348 Kraków |last2=Kajtoch |first2=Wojciech |last3=Hodalska |first3=Magdalena |last4=Instytut Dziennikarstwa, Mediów i Komunikacji Społecznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ul. prof. Stanisława Łojasiewicza 4 30-348 Kraków |date=2019 |title=Professor Walery Pisarek — an Architect of Polish Media Studies |url=https://www.ejournals.eu/Zeszyty-Prasoznawcze/2019/2-238/art/14290/ |journal=Zeszyty Prasoznawcze |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=15–32 |doi=10.4467/22996362PZ.19.010.10535|doi-access=free }}</ref> Pisarek spent over 40 years of his career studying how topics such as persuasion, language, and propaganda intersect with media studies and linguistics, specifically in Poland. <ref name=":23" /> This focus on linguistics also led to Pisarek's support of the [[Polish Language Act]], a piece of legislation that protected the Polish language and its use while also promoting the Polish culture and history. <ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Language planning in the post-communist era: the struggles for language control in the new order in Eastern Europe, Eurasia and China |date=2018 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-3-319-70925-3 |editor-last=Andrews |editor-first=Ernest |location=Cham}}</ref>
=== United Kingdom ===
Much research in the field of news media studies has been led by the [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]. Details of the research projects and results are published in the RISJ annual report.<ref name=":5" /> In addition to the research performed at the Reuters Institute, media researchers in the United Kingdom have also used comments from the British press to look at their impression of media studies as a topic for study. Researchers Lucy Bennett and Jenny Kidd found that there was a link between the Conservative party in Britain and the idea that media studies were not an academic field worth studying due to its lack of scientific principles and employability for students. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bennett |first=Lucy |last2=Kidd |first2=Jenny |date=2017-03-04 |title=Myths about media studies: the construction of media studies education in the British press |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10304312.2016.1265096 |journal=Continuum |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=163–176 |doi=10.1080/10304312.2016.1265096 |issn=1030-4312|doi-access=free }}</ref>
Stuart Hall, a Jamaican-born social scientist, also contributed to the field of media studies through his writings on cultural studies, separate but similar to media studies. Hall's main viewpoint was that the mainstream media as a whole serves the beliefs of the rich and powerful within society, an idea that was heavily influenced by Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci in his writings. <ref name=":02" /> By naming his theory "cultural studies", Hall felt that he was able to bring in the cultural element of media studies that he felt was often left out by academics in the field. <ref name=":02" />
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A newer theory from the 2010s comes from [[danah boyd]] (who intentionally does not capitalize her name) and Alice Marwick when they studied how media eliminates borders between contexts. In their joint article, they refer to this as part of a process called ‘[[context collapse]]’.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Marwick & Boyd |date=2010 |title=I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience |journal=New Media & Society |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=114-133}}</ref> Context collapse directly refers to the occurrence of a media platform as it flattens multiple audiences into one.<ref name=":12" /> An individual may present<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parikka |first=Jussi |date=2020 |title=To Media Study: Media Studies and Beyond |url=https://mast-nemla.org/archive/vol1-no1-2020/MAST-2020-vol1-no1-13.pdf |journal=The Journal of Media Art Study and Theory |volume=1 |issue=1 |via=ProQuest}}</ref> themselves to multiple audiences in various ways, but in context collapse, they are put in front of every audience at the same time and must choose which identity to assume.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Bryant |editor-first=Jennings |editor-last2=Oliver |editor-first2=Mary Beth |title=Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4106-1877-1 |edition=3rd |location=New York |language=en}}</ref>
In the United States, there is a rise in research surrounding social media and its use as a media form for communication. As the amount of social media research is on the rise, many researchers are calling on social media corporations to release data about their services to the general public. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Mary L. |date=2015-04-01 |title=Putting Social Media in Its Place: A Curatorial Theory for Media’s Noisy Social Worlds |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305115578683 |journal=Social Media + Society |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=205630511557868 |doi=10.1177/2056305115578683 |issn=2056-3051|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Media studies in education ==
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