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The Walashma princes of Ifat and [[Adal (historical region)|Adal]] claimed to possessed [[Arab]] genealogical traditions.<ref name="Elfasi">{{cite book|last=M. Elfasi|first=Ivan Hrbek|title=Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, General History of Africa, Volume 3|year=1988|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=9231017098|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tw0Q0tg0QLoC&pg=PA582|pages=580–582}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSgmwugWCGMC&q=%22maqrizi+and+the+chronicle%22&pg=PA43|title=Ethiopia: the Land, Its People, History and Culture|last=Mekonnen|first=Yohannes|date=2013-01-29|publisher=Yohannes Mekonnen|isbn=9781482311174|language=en}}</ref> In terms of lineage, Walashma traditions trace descent from [[Banu Makhzum]] tribe by El Maqrisi. But Ifat Sultanate trace descent from [[Aqeel ibn Abi Talib|Akīl ibn Abī Tālib]], the brother of the Caliph [[Ali|ʿAlī]] and Djaʿfar ibn Abī Tālib. The latter was among the earliest Muslims to settle in the Horn region. However, the semi-legendary apologetic History of the Walasma asserts that ʿUmar ibn-Dunya-hawz had as a progenitor Caliph ʿAlī's son al-Hasan.<ref name="Elfasi" /> This is not supported by both [[Al-Maqrizi|Maqrizi]] and the chronicle of the Walashma. But ʿUmar ibn-Dunya-hawz, whom both assert was the founder of the dynasty, was of [[Quraysh tribe|Quraysh]] or [[Banu Hashim|Hashimite]] origin.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Tamrat">{{cite book|last=Tamrat|first=Taddesse|title=Church and state in Ethiopia, 1270-1527|year=1972|publisher=Clarendon Press|pages=124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZNyAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Fourteenth century [[Arab]] historian [[Ibn Khaldun]] mentions the ancestors of Walasma were once tributary to the [[Kingdom of Damot]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ibn Haldun |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/ibn-haldun}}</ref>
However, most historians regard the Walashma dynasty to be of local origin descending from Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn, a Somali shaykh. [[Enrico Cerulli]] and [[J. Spencer Trimingham]] considers them to be ethnic [[Argobba people|Argobbas]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trimmingham |first1=John Spencer |title=Islam in Ethiopia |date=1952 |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbVmNAAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cerulli |first1=Enrico |title=Islam: Yesterday and Today translated by Emran Waber |publisher=Istituto Per L'Oriente |page=323 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1g-LkxaXWZopjLCFEuWm8wnly2lh4WvFp/view}}</ref> Walasma are historically tied to the ancestors of Argobba the people of [[Doba (historical region)|Doba]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kifleyesus |first1=Abebe |title=Tradition and Transformation The Argobba of Ethiopia |publisher=Harrassowitz |page=44 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Tradition_and_Transformation/plclkFB9KZwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=further+north+were+the+nomadic+Doba+who+are+traditionally+related+to+the&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> The [[Harari people]] also claim to be associated with the Walasma.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Asfaw |first1=Aklilu |title=A short History of the Argobba |publisher=Annales d'Éthiopie |page=174 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ethio_0066-2127_2000_num_16_1_973}}</ref> [[Bahru Zewde]], [[Richard Pankhurst (Ethiopianist)|Richard Pankhurst]], [[Djibril Tamsir Niane|Djibril Niane]] and others regard the Walasma Sultans of Ifat and Adal to be predominantly [[Argobba people|Argobba]] and [[Harari people|Harari]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zewde |first1=Bahru |title=A Short History of Ethiopia and the Horn |year=1998 |publisher=Addis Ababa University |page=64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8pRAQAAMAAJ&q=a+short+history+of+ethiopia+and+the+horn+new+Walasma+sultanate}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pankhurst |first1=Richard |title=The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century |pages=225 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Ethiopian_Borderlands/zpYBD3bzW1wC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Har%C3%A4ri+sultan+%27umar+din&pg=PA225&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Africa |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=147–150 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/archive-files3/roland_oliver_the_cambridge_history_of_africa_vbook4you.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Niane |first1=Djibril |title=General History of Africa |publisher=Heinemann Educational Books |page=427 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Africa_from_the_Twelfth_to_the_Sixteenth/iAcf63sQGhIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=harari+and+argobba+speaking+walasma&pg=PA427&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> [[Enrico Cerulli]] asserts that one of the ancestors of ʿUmar ibn DunyaHuz was the 10th century [[Somali people|Somali]] [[wali|saint]] ''"[[Aw (father)|Aw]]"'' [[Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn|Barkhadle]] from [[Arabia]].<ref name="Cerulli, Enrico 1926">Cerulli, Enrico (1926). ''Le popolazioni della Somalia nella tradizione storica locale''. L'Accademia. "Cerulli suggests that the Saint "Aw Barkhdale" (Yusuf Al Kownayn) can be associated with "Yusuf Barkatla", ancestor of Umar' Walashma, founder of the Ifat dynasty"</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC&q=sharif+barkhadle&pg=PA89|title=Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|date=1998|publisher=The Red Sea Press|isbn=9781569021033|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Writing of the Somali Language: A Great Landmark in Our Revolutionary History|author1=Somalia|author2=Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo Hanuuninta Dadweynaha|date=1972|publisher=Ministry of Information and National Guidance|page=10|language=en|quote=Aw Barkhadle, he was a native, who lived in about 1,000 years ago and is buried now in a ruined town named after him, Aw Barkhadle, which is a few miles away from Hargeisa.}}</ref> [[J. Spencer Trimingham]] considers this to be unlikely, as according to local traditions he lived for over 500 years and died in the early 16th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trimmingham |first1=J. Spencer |title=Islam in Ethiopia |date=1952 |pages=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XbVmNAAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Drake-Brockman |first1=R.E |title=British Somaliland |pages=219}}</ref>
Walasma dynasty of Ifat initiated a series of marriage alliances with the leaders of Adal, according to the chronicle ''"Conquest of Abyssinia"'' by Arab faqih, [[Harla]] lords descendant from the last Walasma ruler of Ifat [[Sa'ad ad-Din II]] participated in the sixteenth century [[Ethiopian–Adal War]].<ref>{{cite book |title=IV Congresso Internazionale Di Studi Etiopici (Roma, 10-15 Aprile 1972) |publisher=Accademia nazionale dei Lincei |page=623 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/IV_Congresso_Internazionale_Di_Studi_Eti/sb4KAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=adal+was+also+an+independent+sultanate+until+it+was+reduced+to+vassalage+at+about+the+same+time+as+Ifat.+Members+of+the+Walasma+dynasty+of+Ifat+had+intermarried+extensively+with+the+ruling+families+of+Adal&dq=adal+was+also+an+independent+sultanate+until+it+was+reduced+to+vassalage+at+about+the+same+time+as+Ifat.+Members+of+the+Walasma+dynasty+of+Ifat+had+intermarried+extensively+with+the+ruling+families+of+Adal&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chekroun |first1=Amélie |title=Le" Futuh al-Habasa": écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din |publisher=Université Panthéon-Sorbonn |pages=197–198 |url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01134623/document}}</ref> The last known Walasma member in [[Adal (historical region)|Adal]] was [[Barakat ibn Umar Din]] of [[Harar]] during the sixteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trimingham |first1=J.Spencer |title=Islam in Ethiopia |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=92 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Islam_in_Ethiopia/Kd3bAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=after+him+the+walashma+dynasty+disappears&pg=PT167&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> The Kabirto of [[Harla]] as well as [[Doba (historical region)|Doba]] who originate from the Walasma dynasty were overthrown in 1769 by the [[Mudaito dynasty]] of [[Afar people|Afar]] in [[Asaita|Aussa]] (modern [[Afar Region]]), the descendant of Kabirto shaykh [[Kabir (teacher)|Kabir]] Hamza, preserved their history through manuscripts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alwan |first1=Daoud |title=Historical Dictionary of Djibouti |publisher=Scarecrow Press |page=19 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=b9drQ9YeLxcC&dq=walasma&pg=PA19&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=walasma&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=IslHornAfr 6 th Field Mission Report |publisher=University of Cophenhagen |page=10 |url=http://www.islhornafr.eu/ReportAwsa2017.pdf |access-date=2023-04-17 |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404094427/http://www.islhornafr.eu/ReportAwsa2017.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bausi |first1=Alessandro |title=Ethiopia History, Culture and Challenges |publisher=Michigan State University Press |page=83 |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Ethiopia/h-g7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=were+reclaimed+by+migrant+populations+from+the+highlands+(Haralla,+Dobaa)+who+were+integrated+into+Afar+ethnicity&pg=PA83&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>
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