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The doctrine of human rights has been highly influential within [[international law]] and global and regional institutions.<ref name=twsUnitedNations/> Actions by [[Sovereign state|states]] and [[non-governmental organisations]] form a basis of [[public policy]] worldwide. The idea of human rights suggests that "if the public discourse of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of human rights".{{sfnp|Beitz|2009|p=1}} The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights continue to provoke considerable [[scepticism]] and debates about the content, nature and justifications of human rights to this day. The precise meaning of the term ''[[Rights|right]]'' is controversial and is the subject of [[Philosophy of human rights|continued philosophical debate]];{{sfnp|Shaw|2008|p=265}} while there is consensus that human rights encompasses a wide variety of rights<ref name=twsBritannica/> such as the [[right to a fair trial]], protection against [[slavery|enslavement]], prohibition of [[genocide]], [[Freedom of speech|free speech]]<ref name=twsMacmillan>Macmillan Dictionary, [http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/human-rights human rights – definition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084004/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/human-rights |date=19 August 2014 }}. Retrieved 14 August 2014, "the rights that everyone should have in a society, including the right to express opinions about the government or to have protection from harm"</ref> or a [[right to education]], there is disagreement about which of these particular rights should be included within the general framework of human rights;<ref name=StanfordEncy/> some thinkers suggest that human rights should be a minimum requirement to avoid the worst-case abuses, while others see it as a higher standard.<ref name=StanfordEncy/><ref>{{Cite book|title=International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach|publisher=UNESCO|year=2018|isbn=978-9231002595|location=Paris|page=16|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002607/260770e.pdf|access-date=23 February 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113072101/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0026/002607/260770e.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> It has also been argued that human rights are "[[God]]-given", although this notion has been criticized.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niose |first=David |date=2016-10-06 |title=The Danger of Claiming That Rights Come From God |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/our-humanity-naturally/201610/the-danger-claiming-rights-come-god |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=[[Psychology Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
Many of the basic ideas that animated the [[human rights movement]] developed in the aftermath of the [[Second World War]] and the events of [[the Holocaust]],<ref name=twsGaryJBass/> culminating in the adoption of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Paris by the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 1948.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simmons |first=Beth A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EfQfAwAAQBAJ |title=Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1139483483 |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> Ancient peoples did not have the same modern-day conception of universal human rights.{{sfnp|Freeman|2002|pp=15–17}} The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of [[Natural and legal rights|natural rights]] which appeared as part of the medieval [[natural law]] tradition that became prominent during the European [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] with such philosophers as [[John Locke]], [[Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)|Francis Hutcheson]] and [[Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui]] and which featured prominently in the political discourse of the [[American Revolution]] and the [[French Revolution]].<ref name=twsGaryJBass/> From this foundation, the modern human rights arguments emerged over the latter half of the 20th century,{{sfnp|Moyn|2010|p=8}} possibly as a reaction to slavery, torture, genocide and war crimes,<ref name=twsGaryJBass/> as a
== History ==
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