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This section describes some of the color appearance phenomena that color appearance models try to deal with.
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{{main|Chromatic adaptation}}
Chromatic adaptation describes the ability of human color perception to abstract from the [[white point]] (or [[color temperature]]) of the illuminating light source when observing a reflective object. For the human eye, a piece of white paper looks white no matter whether the illumination is blueish or yellowish. This is the most basic and most important of all color appearance phenomena, and therefore a ''[[chromatic adaptation transform]]'' (CAT) that tries to emulate this behavior is a central component of any color appearance model.
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There is an effect which changes the perception of colorfulness by a human observer:
* '[[Hunt effect (color)|Hunt effect]]: Colorfulness increases with luminance.
====Brightness appearance====
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This section lists some of the color appearance models in use. The chromatic adaptation transforms for some of these models are listed in [[LMS color space]].
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{{main|CIELAB}}
In 1976, the [[International Commission on Illumination|CIE]] set out to replace the many existing, incompatible color difference models by a new, universal model for color difference. They tried to achieve this goal by creating a ''perceptually uniform'' color space (UCS), i.e. a color space where identical spatial distance between two colors equals identical amount of perceived color difference. Though they succeeded only partially, they thereby created the [[CIELAB color space|CIELAB (“L*a*b*”)]] color space which had all the necessary features to become the first color appearance model. While CIELAB is a very rudimentary color appearance model, it is one of the most widely used because it has become one of the building blocks of [[color management]] with [[ICC profile]]s. Therefore, it is basically omnipresent in digital imaging.
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