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Trainin attended the {{lang|la|[[Gymnasium (school)#Cwg Russia|gymnasium]]}} of [[Kaluga]], graduating in 1903, the same year he [[wikt:matriculated|matriculated]] to [[Moscow State University]] ({{abbr|MGU|МГУ / Московский государственный университет, "Moskóvskij gosudárstvennyj universitét"}}), whence he graduated in 1908.<ref name="Penn2017" /> At university he participated in the {{lang-ru|студе́нчество|translit="studénčestvo"|translit-std=ISO|label=none|links=no|cat=no}}, [[Student activism#Russia|student activist movement]], during the pivotal, though failed, [[1905 Russian Revolution]].<ref name="Penn2017" />
After graduation Trainin worked in the MGU Department of Criminal Law, on track for a professorship, but he would resign his position in 1912 in connection with the {{ill|Kasso Case|lt="Kasso Case"|ru|Дело Кассо|preserve=1}}, in which a great many academics resigned out of solidarity with the targets of [[Ministry of National Education (Russian Empire)|Imperial Education Minister]] [[Lev Kasso|Lev Aristidovich Kasso]].<ref name="Penn2017"/> From 1912 to 1918 he taught at the
From 1916 to 1917 he was an editor of the [[List of Jewish newspapers|Jewish newspaper]] {{ill|New Way (Jewish newspaper)|lt=''{{lang-ru|Новый путь: еженедв̌льник, посвященный вопросам еврейской жизни|lit=New Way: A Weekly Dedicated to Questions of Jewish Cultural Life|label=none|links=no|cat=no}}''|ru|Новый путь (газета)|preserve=1}}.<ref name="Penn2017"/> He was a founding member of the Moscow chapter of the [[Political Red Cross]],<ref name="Penn2017"/> which was formed in 1918.<ref name="Galmarini2012">{{cite journal|surname=Galmarini|given=Maria Cristina|author-link=openlibrary:authors/OL7663253A|date=January 2012|title=Defending the Rights of Gulag Prisoners: The Story of the Political Red Cross, 1918-38|journal=[[The Russian Review]]|volume=71|issue=1|page=12|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9434.2012.00640.x|jstor=41409421|issn=0036-0341|oclc=7781157515}}</ref>
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