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'''Plotopteridae'''<ref>{{cite journal|author= Howard, H. |year=1969|title= A new avian fossil from Kern County, California|journal=[[Condor (journal)|Condor]]|volume=71|issue=1|pages= 68–69|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v071n01/p0068-p0069.pdf|doi= 10.2307/1366050|jstor=1366050}}</ref> is an [[extinct]] [[family (biology)|family]] of flightless [[seabird]]s with uncertain placement, generally considered as member of order [[Suliformes]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |
Their [[fossil]]s have been found in [[California]], [[Oregon]],<ref>{{cite journal|author= Goedert, James L. |year=1988| title= A new late Eocene species of Plototpteridae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) from northwestern Oregon |journal= Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences |volume= 45 |pages= 97–102}}</ref> [[Washington (state)|Washington]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Gerald Mayr |author2=James L. Goedert |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |title=New late Eocene and Oligocene remains of the flightless, penguin-like plotopterids (Aves, Plotopteridae) from western Washington State, U.S.A. |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=e1163573 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1163573 |s2cid=88129671 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author1= Mayr, Gerald| author2= Goedert, James L.| year= 2018| title= First record of a tarsometatarsus of ''Tonsala hildegardae'' (Plotopteridae) and other avian remains from the late Eocene/early Oligocene of Washington State (USA)| journal= Geobios| volume= 51| pages= 51–59| doi= 10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.006 }}</ref> [[British Columbia]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Gary Kaiser|author2=Junya Watanabe |author3=Marji Johns |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=A new member of the family Plotopteridae (Aves) from the late Oligocene of British Columbia, Canada |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=Article number 18.3.52A |url=http://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/1359-plotopterid-in-canada }}</ref> [[Hokkaido]], [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]], [[Chūbu region|Chūbu]], [[Kyushu]].<ref name=日本>{{Cite press release|url=http://www2.pref.fukui.jp/press/atfiles/pafd15972185673e.pdf |publisher=西海市教育委員会、蒲郡市教育委員会、[[Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum|福井県立恐竜博物館]] |title=西海市から発見された世界最古級のペンギンモドキの化石について |accessdate=2022-02-26 |date=2020-08-18}}</ref> They seem to have evolved on arctic islands during the mid-Eocene, spreading southwards with the formation of [[kelp forest]]s <ref name="Mayr2016">{{cite journal |last1=Mayr |first1=G.|last2=Goedert |first2=J. |year=2021 |title=New late Eocene and Oligocene plotopterid fossils from Washington State (USA), with a revision of ''"Tonsala" buchanani'' (Aves, Plotopteridae). Journal of Paleontology |volume=(e1163573) online preview |pages=10.1017/jpa.2021.81|doi=10.1017/jpa.2021.81 |s2cid=240582610 }}</ref> They ranged in size from that of a large [[cormorant]] (such as a [[Brandt's cormorant]]), to very large size, with femur length two times longer than [[emperor penguin]].<ref name=":0" /> They had shortened wings optimised for underwater wing-propelled pursuit diving (like penguins or the now extinct [[great auk]]), and a body [[skeleton]] similar to that of the [[darter]].
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