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=== The occurrence of null point theory ===
[[Akaroa Harbour]] is located on [[Banks Peninsula]], [[Canterbury, New Zealand]], {{Coord|display=inline|43|48|S|172|56|E}}. The formation of this harbour has occurred due to active erosional processes on an extinct shield volcano, whereby the sea has flooded the caldera, creating an inlet 16 km in length, with an average width of 2 km and a depth of −13 m relative to mean sea level at the 9 km point down the transect of the central axis.<ref name="Hart">{{cite report|publisher=University of Canterbury and DTec Consulting Ltd.|first1=Deirdre E.|last1=Hart|url=http://ecan.govt.nz/publications/Reports/upper-akaroa-harbour-seabed-bathymetry-soft-sediments-baseline-mapping.pdf|title=Upper Akaroa Harbour Seabed Bathymetry and Soft Sediments: A Baseline Mapping Study|last2=Todd|first2=Derek J.|last3=Nation|first3=Thomas E.|last4=McWilliams|first4=Zara A.|series=Coastal Research Report 1|year=2009|isbn=978-1-86937-976-6| id=ECan Report 09/44|access-date=2016-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201152154/http://ecan.govt.nz/publications/Reports/upper-akaroa-harbour-seabed-bathymetry-soft-sediments-baseline-mapping.pdf|archive-date=2016-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> The predominant storm wave energy has unlimited fetch for the outer harbour from a southerly direction, with a calmer environment within the inner harbour, though localised harbour breezes create surface currents and chop influencing the marine sedimentation processes.<ref name="HeuffSpigel2005">{{cite journal|last1=Heuff|first1=Darlene N.|last2=Spigel|first2=Robert H.|last3=Ross|first3=Alex H.|title=Evidence of a significant wind‐driven circulation in Akaroa Harbour. Part 1: Data obtained during the September‐November, 1998 field survey|journal=New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research|volume=39|issue=5|year=2005|pages=1097–1109|issn=0028-8330|doi=10.1080/00288330.2005.9517378|doi-access=free}}</ref> Deposits of loess from subsequent glacial periods have in filled volcanic fissures over millennia,<ref name="Raeside1964">{{cite journal | first1=J. D. | last1=Raeside | title=Loess Deposits of the South Island, New Zealand, and Soils Formed on them | journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics | year=1964 | volume=7 | issue=4 | pages=811–838 | issn=0028-8306 | doi=10.1080/00288306.1964.10428132| doi-access=free }}</ref> resulting in volcanic basalt and loess as the main sediment types available for deposition in Akaroa Harbour
[[File: Akaroa Harbour jpeg.png|thumb|Figure 2. Map of Akaroa Harbour showing a fining of sediments with increased bathymetry toward the central axis of the harbour. Taken from Hart et al. (2009) and the University of Canterbury under the contract of Environment Canterbury.<ref name="Hart"/>]]
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