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The Finno-Ugric names {{Lang|liv|Vēna}} ([[Livonian language|Livonian]]), {{Lang|et|Väinajogi}} ([[Estonian language|Estonian]]), and {{Lang|fi|Väinäjoki}} ([[Finnish language|Finnish]]) all stem from Proto-Finnic ''*väin'', meaning "a large, peacefully rolling river".
== History ==
[[File:Ustdvinsk.jpg|thumb|300px|The Swedish army bombarding the fortress of [[Dünamünde]] at the Daugava's estuary in [[Latvia]]]]▼
Humans have settled at the mouth of the Daugava and along the shores of the Gulf of Riga for millennia, initially participating in a hunter-gatherer economy and utilizing the waters of the Daugava estuary for fishing and gathering. Beginning around the sixth century CE, [[Viking]] explorers crossed the Baltic Sea and entered the Daugava River, navigating upriver into the Baltic interior.<ref>▼
Compare: ▼
{{Cite book▼
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C&q=daugava&pg=PA115▼
|title= Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture▼
|last= Frucht|first= Richard C.|date= 2005-01-01▼
|publisher= ABC-CLIO|isbn= 9781576078006|language= en▼
|access-date= 2017-07-06▼
|quote= The Daugava was an important transit river (carrying everything from Vikings to floating lumber) for centuries [...].▼
}}▼
</ref>▼
In medieval times, the Daugava was part of the [[trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks]], an important route for the transport of furs from the north and of [[Eastern Roman Empire |Byzantine]] silver from the south. The Riga area, inhabited by the [[Finnic languages|Finnic]]-speaking [[Livs]], became a key location of settlement and defence of the mouth of the Daugava at least as early as the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the now destroyed fort at [[Torņakalns]] on the west bank of the Daugava in present-day Riga. Since the Late Middle Ages, the western part of the Daugava basin has come under the rule of various peoples and states; for example, the Latvian town of [[Daugavpils]] variously came under [[papal]], Slavonic, Polish, German, and Russian rule until the [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia |restoration of the Latvian independence]] in 1990 at the end of the Cold War.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}▼
The river began experiencing environmental deterioration in the Soviet era due to collective agriculture (producing considerable adverse water pollution runoff) and hydroelectric power projects.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| last=C.Michael Hogan|year=2012|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Daugava_River?topic=78166|title=Daugava River|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Earth|publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment}}</ref>▼
== Settlements ==
The following are
=== Russia ===
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}}
==
▲[[File:Riga, Daugava River.JPG|thumb|300px|Daugava sunset in [[Riga]]]]
▲[[File:Ustdvinsk.jpg|thumb|300px|The Swedish army bombarding the fortress of [[Dünamünde]] at the Daugava's estuary in [[Latvia]]]]
▲Humans have settled at the mouth of the Daugava and along the shores of the Gulf of Riga for millennia, initially participating in a hunter-gatherer economy and utilizing the waters of the Daugava estuary for fishing and gathering. Beginning around the sixth century CE, [[Viking]] explorers crossed the Baltic Sea and entered the Daugava River, navigating upriver into the Baltic interior.<ref>
▲Compare:
▲{{Cite book
▲|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C&q=daugava&pg=PA115
▲|title= Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
▲|last= Frucht|first= Richard C.|date= 2005-01-01
▲|publisher= ABC-CLIO|isbn= 9781576078006|language= en
▲|access-date= 2017-07-06
▲|quote= The Daugava was an important transit river (carrying everything from Vikings to floating lumber) for centuries [...].
▲}}
▲</ref>
▲In medieval times, the Daugava was part of the [[trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks]], an important route for the transport of furs from the north and of [[Eastern Roman Empire |Byzantine]] silver from the south. The Riga area, inhabited by the [[Finnic languages|Finnic]]-speaking [[Livs]], became a key location of settlement and defence of the mouth of the Daugava at least as early as the Middle Ages, as evidenced by the now destroyed fort at [[Torņakalns]] on the west bank of the Daugava in present-day Riga. Since the Late Middle Ages, the western part of the Daugava basin has come under the rule of various peoples and states; for example, the Latvian town of [[Daugavpils]] variously came under [[papal]], Slavonic, Polish, German, and Russian rule until the [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia |restoration of the Latvian independence]] in 1990 at the end of the Cold War.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
▲[[File:Port of Riga on the Daugava river.jpg|thumb|alt=Port of Riga on the Daugava river by findseajobs.com|Port of Riga on the Daugava]]The river began experiencing environmental deterioration in the Soviet era due to collective agriculture (producing considerable adverse water pollution runoff) and hydroelectric power projects.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia
== Water quality ==▼
▲=== Water quality ===
Upstream of the Latvian town of [[Jekabpils]], the river's [[pH]] has a characteristic value of about 7.8 (slight [[alkaline]]). In this area, the concentration of ionic calcium is around 43 milligrams per liter, [[nitrate]] is about 0.82 milligrams per liter, ionic [[phosphate]] is 0.038 milligrams per liter, and oxygen saturation is 80%. The high nitrate and phosphate load of the Daugava has contributed to the extensive buildup of phytoplankton biomass in the Baltic Sea; the [[Oder]] and [[Vistula]] rivers also contribute to the high nutrient loading of the Baltic.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
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