Fritz Haber: Difference between revisions

'''Fritz Haber''' ({{IPA-de|ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ|-|De-Fritz Haber.ogg}}; 9 December 1868{{Spd}}29 January 1934) was a German<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fritz-Haber|title=Fritz Haber {{!}} Biography & Facts|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=19 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> [[chemist]] who received the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1918 for his invention of the [[Haber process|Haber–Bosch process]], a method used in industry to synthesize [[ammonia]] from [[nitrogen]] gas and [[hydrogen]] gas. This invention is important for the large-scale synthesis of [[fertiliser]]s and [[Explosive material|explosives]]. It is estimated that one-third of annual global food production uses ammonia from the Haber–Bosch process, and that this supports nearly half of the world's population.<ref>{{cite book|first=Vaclav|last=Smil|date=2004|title=Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|isbn=9780262693134|page=156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Claudia |last=Flavell-While|title=Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch – Feed the World |url=https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/cewctw-fritz-haber-and-carl-bosch-feed-the-world/|access-date=30 April 2021|website=www.thechemicalengineer.com}}</ref> Haber, along with [[Max Born]], proposed the [[Born–Haber cycle]] as a method for evaluating the [[lattice energy]] of an ionic solid. Haber is also considered the "father of [[chemical warfare]]" for his years of pioneering work developing and weaponising [[chlorine#Use as a weapon|chlorine]] and other poisonous gases during [[World War I]], especially his actions during the [[Second Battle of Ypres]].