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The U.S. [[Central Intelligence Agency]] realized that the novel presented an opportunity to embarrass the Soviet government. An internal memo lauded the book's "great propaganda value": not only did the text have a central humanist message, but the Soviet government's having suppressed a great work of literature could make ordinary citizens "wonder what is wrong with their government".
The CIA set out to publish 1,000 copies of a Russian-language hardcover edition at Mouton Publishers of the Hague in early September 1958, and arranged for 365 of them, in Mouton's trademark blue linen cover, to be distributed at the Vatican pavilion at the [[Expo 58|1958 Brussels world's fair]].<ref name = "WaPo">{{cite news |title=During Cold War, CIA used 'Doctor Zhivago' as a tool to undermine Soviet Union |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/during-cold-war-cia-used-doctor-zhivago-as-a-tool-to-undermine-soviet-union/2014/04/05/2ef3d9c6-b9ee-11e3-9a05-c739f29ccb08_story.html |newspaper=Washington Post |last1=Finn |first1=Peter |last2=Couvée |first2=Petra |date=April 5, 2014 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414021825/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/during-cold-war-cia-used-doctor-zhivago-as-a-tool-to-undermine-soviet-union/2014/04/05/2ef3d9c6-b9ee-11e3-9a05-c739f29ccb08_story.html |archive-date=April 14, 2014}}</ref>
The printing by Mouton Publishers of the 1,000 copies of an adulterated Russian-language version, organized by the CIA, had typos and truncated storylines, and it was illegal, because the owner of the manuscript was Giangiacomo Feltrinelli,<ref name="WaPo" /> who later put his name on the Mouton edition.<ref name="Social sciences">[http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/SS_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.%203_2011_small.pdf Social sciences – A Quarterly Journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences: INTERNATIONAL PROVOCATION: ON BORIS PASTERNAK’S NOBEL PRIZE] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101062612/http://www.eastviewpress.com/Files/SS_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.%203_2011_small.pdf |date=1 November 2012 }}</ref><ref name="RFERL.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Was_Pasternaks_Path_To_The_Nobel_Paved_By_The_CIA/1496794.html|title=Did The CIA Fund 'Doctor Zhivago'?|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=17 August 2018|archive-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817124832/https://www.rferl.org/a/Was_Pasternaks_Path_To_The_Nobel_Paved_By_The_CIA/1496794.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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