|
|}}
'''''Rubus allegheniensis''''' is a species of [[bramble]], known as '''Allegheny blackberry'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=RUAL|taxon=Rubus allegheniensis|accessdate=23 October 2015}}</ref> and simply as '''common blackberry'''.<ref name=MO>{{cite web|title=Common Blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)|url=http://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/common-blackberry|work=Missouri Department of Conservation Field Guide|publisher=Missouri Department of Conservation|access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref> Like other [[blackberry|blackberries]], it is a species of flowering plant in the [[Rosaceae|rose family]]. It is very common in eastern and central [[North America]]. It is also naturalized in a few locations in [[California]] and [[British Columbia]].<ref name=USDA>{{cite web|title=PLANTS Profile for Rubus allegheniensis (Allegheny blackberry)|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=rual|publisher=USDA|access-date=26 September 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Rubus%20allegheniensis.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref>
==Description==
CharacteristicsThe characteristics of ''Rubus allegheniensis'' can be highly variable.<ref name=MO /> It is an erect bramble, typically {{Convert|1.5 feet (150 cm)|m|ft|abbr=off|frac=2}} but occasionally rarely over 8 feet (240 cm){{Convert|2.4|m|ft|abbr=on|frac=2}} high, with single shrubs approaching 8 feet2.4 m or more in breadth, although it usually forms dense thickets of many plants. LeavesThe [[leaves]] are [[alternate leaf|alternate]], [[Leaf#Divisions of the blade|compound]], [[ovoid]], and have toothed edges.<ref name=MO /><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417156 Flora of North America, ''Rubus allegheniensis'' Porter, 1896. Allegheny or common blackberry, sow-teat berry, ronce des Alléghanys ]</ref>
Canes adorning an armorment of prickles, with white, 5-petal, ¾ inch ({{Convert|19 |mm)|abbr=off|adj=on|frac=4}} flowers in late spring and glossy, deep-violet to black, [[aggregate fruit]] in late summer.<ref name=MO /> It is [[Shade tolerance|shade intolerant]].<ref name=eco1>Peterson, Chris J., and Steward T.A. Pickett. "Forest reorganization: a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown." ''Ecology.'' 76 (1995): 763+. Retrieved 14 Oct. 2012.</ref>
==Distribution and habitat==
''R. allegheniensis'' is very common in eastern and central [[North America]]. It is also naturalized in a few locations in [[California]] and [[British Columbia]].<ref name="USDA">{{cite web |title=PLANTS Profile for Rubus allegheniensis (Allegheny blackberry) |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=rual |access-date=26 September 2012 |publisher=USDA}}</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Rubus%20allegheniensis.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]</ref>
The presence of ''Rubus allegheniensis'' influences the dynamics of the [[understory]] vegetation of many forests in the eastern United States. An abundance of ''Rubus allegheniensis'' encourages new tree seedlings. Where the effects of herbivorous animals (such as [[deer]]) reduce the abundance of Allegheny blackberry, a competitor, ''[[Dennstaedtia punctilobula]]'' (hay-scented fern), takes over. Where ''Dennstaedtia punctilobula'' becomes common, the growth of tree seedlings is restricted.<ref name=PGE>"Wildlife Management." ''The Princeton Guide to Ecology''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2012.</ref> ▼
▲The presence of ''Rubusthe allegheniensis''species influences the dynamics of the [[understory]] vegetation of many forests in the eastern United States. An abundance of '' Rubus R. allegheniensis'' encourages new tree seedlings. Where the effects of herbivorous animals (such as [[deer]]) reduce the abundance of Allegheny blackberry, a competitor, ''[[Dennstaedtia punctilobula]]'' (hay-scented fern), takes over. Where '' Dennstaedtia D. punctilobula'' becomes common, the growth of tree seedlings is restricted.<ref name= "PGE ">"Wildlife Management." ''The Princeton Guide to Ecology''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2012.</ref>
Concentrations of ''Rubus allegheniensis'' increase greatly after events that destroy taller shrubs and trees and thus permit more light into the understory, such as fires or widespread [[Derecho|blowdown]].<ref name=eco1 /><ref>"Vegetation of Hooper Branch Nature Preserve, Iroquois County, Illinois." ''Northeastern Naturalist.'' 17 (2): pp 261-272. 2010</ref> These populations often decline in later years as the tree seedlings sheltered by the blackberry canes grow and reduce the amount of light reaching the lower levels.<ref name=eco1 /> ▼
▲Concentrations of '' RubusR. allegheniensis'' increase greatly after events that destroy taller shrubs and trees and thus permit more light into the understory, such as fires or widespread [[Derecho|blowdown]].<ref name= "eco1 " /><ref>"Vegetation of Hooper Branch Nature Preserve, Iroquois County, Illinois." ''Northeastern Naturalist.'' 17 (2): pp 261-272. 2010</ref> These populations often decline in later years as the tree seedlings sheltered by the blackberry canes grow and reduce the amount of light reaching the lower levels.<ref name= "eco1 " />
==References==
| 