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'''Sulfuric acid''' ([[American spelling]]) or '''sulphuric acid''' ([[English in the Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth spelling]]), also known as '''oil of [[vitriol]]''', is a [[mineral acid]] composed of the elements [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]] and [[hydrogen]], with the [[molecular formula]] [[proton|H<sub>2</sub>]][[sulfate|SO<sub>4</sub>]]. It is a colorless, odorless and [[Viscosity|viscous]] liquid that is [[Miscibility|miscible]] with water.<ref name="ds">{{cite web|url=http://www.arkema-inc.com/msds/01641.pdf|work=arkema-inc.com|title=Sulfuric acid safety data sheet|quote=Clear to turbid oily odorless liquid, colorless to slightly yellow.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617181442/http://www.arkema-inc.com/msds/01641.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref>
The acid in pure form is highly corrosive towards other materials, as it is an oxidant and has a [[strong acid|strong acidic nature]]. Additionally the pure acid is highly [[dehydration reaction|dehydrating]], which means it will strip water away from any substance it comes into contact with (except [[phosphorus pentoxide]] that dehydrates sulfuric acid to [[sulfur trioxide]]). It is also [[hygroscopic]], readily absorbing [[water vapor]] from the [[air]].<ref name="ds"/> Upon addition of sulfuric acid to water (this should not be reversed), a lot of heat is released. Upon contact, pure sulfuric acid can cause severe [[chemical burn]]s and even secondary [[burn|thermal burns]] due to dehydration; even small amounts of the pure acid are dangerous.<ref name="OA"/><ref name=TB>{{cite web|url=https://collaboration.basf.com/portal/load/fid1032678/E015%20Sulfuric%20acid%20C.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614101454/https://collaboration.basf.com/portal/load/fid1032678/E015%20Sulfuric%20acid%20C.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-14|title=BASF Chemical Emergency Medical Guidelines – Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)|publisher=BASF Chemical Company|date=2012|access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> The solution of sulfuric acid in water is substantially less hazardous; the oxidative and dehydrating properties are only present in the pure acid, although the solution of the acid in water will be very [[acid]]ic, and should therefore still be handled with care.
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