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'''Hebron''' ({{lang-ar|الخليل أو الخليل الرحمن}} {{transl|ar|DIN|{{Audio|ArHebron.ogg|''al-Khalīl'' or ''al-Khalil al-Rahman''<ref>The book: The Israel/Palestine Question; By Ed. Pappe; p.33; "city of khalil al-Rahman"</ref><ref>The book: Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index; By: Josef W. Meri; p.318; "Hebron(al-Khalil al-Rahman"</ref>|help=no}}}}; {{lang-he|חֶבְרוֹן}} {{transl|he|{{Audio|He-Hebron.ogg|''Ḥevron''|help=no}}}}) is a [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]]<ref>{{harvnb|Kamrava|2010|p=236}}.</ref><ref name="Alimi 2013 178">{{harvnb|Alimi|2013|p=178}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rothrock|2011|p=100}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Beilin|2004|p=59}}.</ref> city in the southern [[West Bank]], {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of [[Jerusalem]]. Nestled in the [[Judaean Mountains]], it lies 930 meters (3,050&nbsp;ft) [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. The largest city in the West Bank, and the second largest in the [[Palestinian territories]] after [[Gaza City|Gaza]], it has a population of over 215,000 [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]]s (2016),<ref>{{harvnb|Neuman|2018|pp=2-3}}</ref> and seven hundred [[Jewish settlers]] concentrated on the outskirts of the [[Old City of Hebron]].<ref>{{harvnb|Neuman|2018|p=3}} </ref> It includes the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], which Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions all designate as the burial site of three key [[Patriarchs (Bible)|patriarchal]]/[[Matriarchs (Bible)|matriarchal]] couples.<ref>{{harvnb|Neuman|2018|p=3}}</ref> [[Judaism]] ranks Hebron the second-holiest city after [[Jerusalem]],<ref name="Scharfstein 124">{{harvnb|Scharfstein|1994|p=124}}.</ref> while some Muslims regard it as one of the four holy cities.<ref>{{harvnb|Dumper|2003|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Salaville|1910|p=185}}:'For these reasons after the Arab conquest of 637 Hebron "was chosen as one of the four holy cities of Islam.'</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Aksan|Goffman|2007|p=97}}: 'Suleyman considered himself the ruler of the four holy cities of Islam, and, along with Mecca and Medina, included Hebron and Jerusalem in his rather lengthy list of official titles.'</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Honigmann|1993|p=886}}.</ref>
Christian and Islamic traditions all designate as the burial site of
three key patriarchal couples [[Patriarchs (Bible)|patriarchal]] [[Matriarchs (Bible)|and matriarchal couples]].<ref>{{harvnb|Neuman|2018|p=3}}</ref> [[Judaism]] ranks Hebron the second-holiest city after [[Jerusalem]],<ref name="Scharfstein 124">{{harvnb|Scharfstein|1994|p=124}}.</ref> while some Muslims regard it as one of the four holy cities.<ref>{{harvnb|Dumper|2003|p=164}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Salaville|1910|p=185}}:'For these reasons after the Arab conquest of 637 Hebron "was chosen as one of the four holy cities of Islam.'</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Aksan|Goffman|2007|p=97}}: 'Suleyman considered himself the ruler of the four holy cities of Islam, and, along with Mecca and Medina, included Hebron and Jerusalem in his rather lengthy list of official titles.'</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Honigmann|1993|p=886}}.</ref>
 
The city is often described as a "microcosm" of the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank]].<ref>For example:<br>* The New Yorker, [https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/a-guided-tour-of-hebron-from-two-sides-of-the-occupation], January 24, 2019; "Hebron is a microcosm of the West Bank, a place where the key practices of the Israeli occupation can be observed up close, in a single afternoon."<br>*{{cite book|ref=none|author1=Orna Ben-Naftali|author2=Michael Sfard|author3=Hedi Viterbo|title=The ABC of the OPT: A Legal Lexicon of the Israeli Control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Is5TDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA527|date=10 May 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15652-4|pages=527|quote=Hebron is a microcosm of the control Israel exercises over the West Bank.}}<br>{{cite book|ref=none|author=Joyce Dalsheim|title=Producing Spoilers: Peacemaking and the Production of Enmity in a Secular Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sf3dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|date=1 July 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-938723-6|page=93|quote= Hebron is sometimes thought of as a concentrated microcosm of the conflict in Israel/Palestine. Sometimes it is imagined as a microcosm of Israeli occupation in post-1967 territories, sometimes as a microcosm of the settler-colonial project in Palestine, and sometimes as a microcosm of the Jewish state surrounded by Arab enemies.}}</ref> The [[Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron|Hebron Protocol]] of 1997 divided the city into two sectors: H1, controlled by the Palestinian Authority, and H2, roughly 20% of the city, including 35,000 Palestinians, under Israeli military administration.{{sfn|Neuman|2018|p=4}} All security arrangements and travel permits for local residents are coordinated between the Palestinian Authority and Israel via the military administration of the West Bank, officially named [[Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories]] (COGAT). The Jewish settlers have their own governing municipal body, the [[Committee of the Jewish Community of Hebron]].
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