Triomphe: Difference between revisions

[[Hugh Latimer]] referred to the game of "Triumph" in 1529. The game is played in ''Gammer Gurton's Needle'', a comedy written around 1553 and [[William Shakespeare]] also mentioned the game in ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]'' (''c.'' 1607).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Parlett|first1=David |author-link1=David Parlett|title=The Oxford Guide to Card Games|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetocar00parl|url-access=registration|date=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetocar00parl/page/54 54], 216}}</ref><ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37503/37503-h/37503-h.htm Gammer Gurton's Needle] at [[Project Gutenberg]]. Retrieved 30 January 2018.</ref> An incomplete description of "Trumpe" was provided by Jacques Bellot, a [[Huguenot]] from [[Caen]] residing in London, in his ''Familiar Dialogues'' (1586). Like Vives and Maldonado, the game is described in a dialogue. He describes a four-player partnership game where the one who cuts the highest card becomes the dealer. Twelve cards are commonly dealt counterclockwise to each player but his characters opt for a shorter game of nine cards. The dealer cuts the stock to reveal the trump suit. The player who holds the ace of trumps gets to rob the stock. Only trumps have value. Kings are high and worth 6, queens 4, jacks 2, and all other trumps 1. Players [[Trick-taking game#Declarations|declare their trumps]] before trick-taking takes place. The game is abruptly interrupted, leaving the rest of the rules a mystery.<ref>[http://jducoeur.org/game-hist/familiar_dialogues.html Familiar Dialogues (excerpt, 1586)] at jducoeur.org. Retrieved 17 February 2017.</ref>

Incomplete rules from [[Strasbourg]] when it was still part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] were recorded in both French and German (as Trümpfspiel) in 1637.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Daniel|title=Parlement nouveau|date=1637|location=Strasbourg}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Parlett|first1=|author-link1=David Parlett|title=The Oxford Guide to Card Games|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetocar00parl|url-access=registration|date=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetocar00parl/page/264 264]–265, 337}}</ref> Its rules are similar to the Dutch game of Troeven ("Trumps").<ref>{{cite web|last1=McLeod|first1=John|author-link1=John McLeod (card game researcher)|title=Couillon|url=https://www.pagat.com/couillon/couillon.html|website=[[pagat.com]]|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref>