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The Russian forestry industry is a set of Russian industries related to wood harvesting and processing. As one of the oldest sectors in the country's economy, Russia's timber industry continues to bring in about $20 billion per year. Russia has more than a fifth of the world's forests, making it the largest forest country in the world. According to data for 2015, the total forest area has exceeded 885 million hectares, representing 45% of the total area of the country. The stock of wood in the area was 82 billion cubic meters.
A significant proportion of revenue from the industry is generated by the export of raw materials from sawing logs. For a long time Russia was the main supplier of raw wood material in Europe. However, according to a 2012 study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Government of the Russian Federation,[3][4] the potential of Russian forests is underutilized and Russia's share of the global trade in forest products is less than 4%.[5][6]
Russia's timber industry sectors, as part of the Russia's total industrial production, are seventh place in terms of production and fifth place in terms of national exports. [2] The main product of the
== Types of Forests ==
The Forest Fund of Russia has divided the country's forests into four main groups: waterproof, field, reserve, recreational forests. In reserve areas, workers can only participate in sanitary felling of trees to improve the overall condition of the forest. Forest areas, which allow selective cutting, cannot exceed volume growth for the year. Operating forests are allowed to use clear cutting. Generally speaking, Russian forests are comprised of mostly coniferous tree from the following species: pine, spruce, larch, and cedar.
Timber industry as chemical, differs quite a complicated structure. Conventionally, all branches of forest complex can be divided into four groups:▼
== Sectors included in the Russian timber industry ==
Logging industry - timber harvesting;▼
▲
Wood industry - mechanical and chemical-mechanical treatment and processing of wood. Of plate production, furniture production, production of lumber and so on;▼
Pulp and paper industry - mainly chemical processing of wood, pulp, paper and cardboard;▼
Wood chemical industry - production of charcoal, rosin and turpentine.▼
▲* Wood industry,
▲* Pulp and paper industry,
== International involvement ==
Sectors included in the timber industry, as part of the Russian industrial production are in seventh place in terms of production and fifth in terms of exports. [2] The most important role the forest industry plays is in the economies of the European countries of the North, in the vast territories of Eastern and Western Siberia and the Far East timber complex inferior fuel industry and metallurgy.▼
The bulk of Russian lumber is shipped to China, Egypt, Uzbekistan, Japan and Iran. In the 1st quarter of 2010, there was an increase in the volume of lumber shipments to Europe, China, Middle East and North Africa. Prices generally reduced for lumber worldwide, but raised in China and other CIS countries. At the same time, China took the largest share in exports at 19%. The leaders in the volume of exports of sawed timber in the 1st quarter were: Lesosibirsk LDK, Ust-Ilim Timber Processing Plant, Novoyeniseysk LHK, "Sawmill-25", and "Svir Timber".
▲
▲The main product of the industry is now the timber, whose share among the total volume of exported timber is approximately 75 - 80%. Logging industry is considered to be the basic direction of the whole forest complex. By the end of the 1980s, the USSR ranked second in the world in the export of wood, behind only the United States. As a result of numerous economic changes over the past decade, Russia has moved on 6 - 7th place in this index.
== History of the industry ==
=== 2008 decrease in production ===
According to analyst group of companies called the Lesprom Network, the Russian government's decision to raise export duty on roundwood in July 2007 by 20%
The net profit of the Russian forest industry companies in 2008 fell sharply, evidenced by an annual ranking of the 50 largest companies data
=== Aftermath and recovery ===
▲The net profit Russian forest industry companies in 2008 fell sharply, evidenced by an annual ranking of the 50 largest companies data Russian timber industry, published by the magazine "Forest Industry". Total revenue companies included in the Top 50 "Forest Industry" in 2008 amounted to 216.34 billion rubles. In the 10 largest companies account for more than 70% of total revenue. The total net profit of 50 rated companies reached 6.26 billion rubles. The proportion of companies that are engaged exclusively in the processing of wood without pulp and paper production amounted to slightly more than 27% of total revenue, while total net profit - 26.8% .
Following the results of 2008, the average profitability ratio of Top 50 companies decreased to 0.7%, compared to 9.0% in the previous year. Woodworking companies’ profitability was slightly higher than that of pulp and paper companies (5.7% and 4.9% respectively), and only four of the Top 50 companies managed to reach a double-digit profitability ratio in 2008.
Zelenodolskiy plywood plant had the highest profitability ratio (17%) in 2008. The fastest-growing forest industry company in Russia was United Panel Group, whose revenue was 3.04 billion roubles ($41.3 million USD), up 89.5%. Ilim Group gained the largest net benefit in 2008 with a revenue of 1.67 billion roubles ($22.7 million USD) and was also listed in the Top 50 forest industry companies as having the largest revenue overall, at 37.92 billion roubles ($515 million USD). The Top 50 Russian Forest Industry rating is prepared and published by Lesnaya Industriya magazine on the base of companies’ accounting reporting and data provided by the companies. [7]
In addition to country-specific, there are common features of development of the industry: increase in market share of goods substitutes and reduced share of wood and paper products. For example, the appearance of plastic packaging has reduced the consumption of paper, and the development of the Internet has led to a reduction in the consumption of newsprint.▼
=== Other reasons for stunted growth ===
In Russia, there is no private ownership of forest land, which
▲In addition to country-specific factors, there are common features of development
==Composition==
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